Legalizing Same Sex Marriage

Damien. Lorden Unit 3 Individual Project There are many cause and effects to legalizing same-sex marriage, whether they are beneficial or not depends on the situation at hand. It’s becoming more common in today’s society to be homosexual. Most of the older generations think that it’s something that shouldn’t be legalized, weather it is has to deal with religion, someone’s way of life or whatever else the case may be.Although on the other hand, the younger generations now are becoming more accepting of the thought of same-sex couples. Most young adults/teenagers think that same-sex marriage is acceptable; that everyone should have the right to be happy and love is love no matter what they are. Even though there have been some good bad explanations to why same-sex marriage shouldn’t be legal; there are also many reasons why same-sex marriage should be legalized. There are many benefits to legalizing same-sex marriage that most neglect to realiz e.According to Ramesh Ponnuru in â€Å"Coming out Ahead,† Ponnuru states, â€Å"three causes that change the public’s attitude towards same-sex marriage are sexual revolution, gay activism in the 1990’s, and the disappointment of social conservative organizations† (Ponnuru, 2003). He continues to state â€Å"it’s time for conservatives to take their cue from the New Jersey Nets, or maybe from those hard-luck kids, the Boston Red Sox† (Ponnuru, 2003). He explains how it’s time to accept the revolution and stop trying to use other problems to avoid the difference in lifestyles of the old days and face the new upcoming eras.The times are changing and so should the way the government compares the new rules and regulations of today to previous eras and generations. The way people think and live today are similar, but not the same to how we thought and lived back then. The technology, economy, government, and even schools have changed throu ghout time. If inanimate objects can change throughout time with rules and regulations changing based on their evolution, why can’t rules and regulation change based on era changes/evolutions?In â€Å"What Century Is This Anyway† Edmund White states how â€Å"his generation watched their families marry and with that, 1 out of every 2 marriages ended with a divorce† (White, 1998). With White’s previous quote it could be used as a statement to help benefit legalizing same-sex marriage because: with legalizing same-sex marriage it could help by increasing marriage rates and help with lowering or at least maintaining the divorce rate. â€Å"The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was the state of Massachusetts in 2004† (ProCon. org, 2013).This had lead Massachusetts to have â€Å"their divorce rate lowered 21% between the years 2003 and 2008 also resulting in the lowest divorce rate in the country in 2008† (ProCon. org, 2013). On the other hand, â€Å"Alaska was the first state to alter its constitution to ban same-sex marriage in 1998 causing an increase of 17. 2% in its divorce rate† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Between the years 2003 to 2008, the seven states with the highest divorce rating all had constitutional prohibitions to same-sex marriage† (ProCon. org, 2013). Most would think that divorce rates count for at least something in the government and economy today.On the gaymarriage. procon. org website is a list of pros and cons for legalizing same-sex marriage. According to one of the many pros listed, â€Å"same-sex marriage could benefit everyone by financial gain to state and local governments† (ProCon. org). Between â€Å"marriage licenses, higher income taxes (the so-called â€Å"marriage penalty†), and the decreases in costs for state benefit programs. The Comptroller for New York City found that legalizing gay marriage would bring $142 million to the City’s economy and $184 million to the State’s economy over three years† (ProCon. org). Same-sex marriage will also make it easier for same-sex couples to adopt† (ProCon. org, 2013). This would benefit the â€Å"US with the 100,000 children are waiting to be adopted, a longitudinal study published in Pediatrics on June 7, 2010† (ProCon. org, 2013). This study â€Å"found that children of lesbian mothers were rated higher than children of heterosexual parents in social and academic competence. The children also had fewer social problems† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Another study on July 2010 found that children of gay fathers were â€Å"as well-adjusted as those adopted by heterosexual parents†Ã¢â‚¬  (ProCon. rg, 2013) In conclusion, legalizing same-sex marriage can be a very beneficial thing for our government as well as the economy. With the change of times, generations and eras, it’s time to change the ways and views of traditional values. â€Å"Two people of the same sex who love each other should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment and receive the same benefits of marriage as opposite sex couples† (ProCon. org). â€Å"There is no such thing as traditional marriage† (ProCon. org). It’s time to except the revolution!

Impact of integrated marketing communication on brands Essay

Figure 1 As mentioned above, having a good and effective brand can be achieved by various factors and approaches and one of these is through integrated marketing communication. Integrated marketing communication is known as a strategic coordination of multiple communication voices. The objective of this is to optimize the effect of persuasive communication on both the non-consumer and consumer including trade and professional audiences by coordinating the elements of the marketing mix which include public relations, advertising, package design, promotions and direct marketing (Moore & Thorson 1996). In this regard, it is evident that different approach can be used to ensure that the information of the brands is being conveyed on the targeted market. Furthermore, IMC is also considered as a strategic approach for coordinating all messages and media utilised by a company to collectively affect its perceived brand value (Keegan, Moriarity & Duncan, 1992). In addition, IMC is also referred to as a cross-function approach for generating and sustaining good relationships with clients by controlling or managing strategically all the information sent to them and by purposely encouraging two-way dialogues with target market. Integrated marketing communication has been considered to have an effect in brands. Accordingly, its concept that aims on managing customer relationship has the ability to drive brand value for the company and generate desire results (Clowe & Baack 2004). Through the integrated marketing communication, brands are strategically promoted through the use of various promotional elements as well as marketing process to communicate the message of the company and the brand to the specified target market (Moore and Thorson, 1996). It has been noted that integrated marketing communication is aiming on using direct communication so as to bring behavioural changes among consumers who will purchase a specific brand (Shimp, 2000). Integrated marketing communication also relates the message to the client which brings behavioral changes that helps the brand to establish a strong and tight relation with the target market. Furthermore, the context of integrated marketing communication stresses on the significance of coordination and synergy so as to develop and maintain a strong brand image. By using various communication instruments through the integration concept of marketing communications, industries have the ability to use effective methods to strengthen their brands with their target market and promote stronger brand names to their targets (Kotler, 2004). The IMC approach can also be considered to affect or influence brands positively by giving the brands the chance to sustain their competitive advantage among clients by identifying the most useful and appropriate methods in communicating and establishing good customer relations, which include strong relationships with stakeholders including the employees, investors, suppliers interest groups and the public in general. The main objective of the communicating brand image is to instill a stable and consistent impression among their clients (Fill, 2002). In addition, Integrated Marketing Communication affects brand in a way that it gives the opportunity for the brand to sustain its marketability. The application of integrated marketing tools can enable the brands to communicate with the other target segment. For instance because of the increasing popularity of the world wide web, each company that invests in having their own website will have the chance to reach consumers locally and internationally. This means that the reach of the brand are also extended and expanded in the global market. Through the use of integrated marketing communication. With this, brands of different company will be able to Emerge quickly in the marketplace since the tools and approaches of integrated marketing communication will act as shop window for many businesses today. In addition, this will also permit the clients to easily know important information about a specific brand and to know the different features a specific brand. In addition, the integrated marketing communication is also important in impacting the brand since this will served as a marketing communicating approach for effectively promoting the brands, which will aim to result in a more sales from other distribution channels. The rationale for choosing this marketing channel is that Integrated marketing communication can help brands to meet target consumers worldwide and this could be a great opportunity to be developed and in order for brand to be quickly recognized by the target market. In this regard, the overall campaign element of the brand must be integrated so as to attain the desirable marketing communication objectives. It is said that the target market do not separate or divide sponsorship, advertising, sales promotion, and internet as marketing communications approaches. The clients tend to receive the messages about specific brand from various sources and set up either favourable or unfavourable image of the brand. As far as the company is concerned, the source of the brand information is not that important. What is more essential with is the content of the information conveyed and to what degree the brand promise has been actually delivered to the target market (Fill & Yeshin, 2001). It can be said that all campaign activities lead down to marketing communication and the vital efficient communication is to comprehend how the clients process the vast amount of information that comes their way each and every day and how it helps the brand to reach their target audience (Fill, 2002). In order to sustain the competitive advantage of the specific brand, the market must be able to select only the important message that the management perceive to be important in enhancing the brand value and ignore the rest. If the marketing information is to be selected and process, the management must ensure that it include sensory and life experiences which can easily be determined and change into a unified context, have mental relationships to other categorized brand ideas, and fit into the categories and mental linkages that consumers have already created for themselves. Conclusion The context of branding is said to be useful in terms of comprehending and analysing the competitive position of an organisation. The brand of the company remains an important part of marketing communication as it is mostly recognised by their clients. It can be said that the heavy consideration on marketing communication in branding can create the impression that the brand can be promoted through the use of integrated marketing communication. In this analysis, it shows that brand image strengths and effectiveness is important to sustain the competitive advantage of the company. Much has been said about the importance of having a strong and effective brand image. Based on this analysis, it can be said that a strong and effective brand is something that can influence the choice of the target market and meets the brand personality provided. It can be said that each organisation must have a brand image which addresses the dimensions and characteristics of strong and effective brand. In order to achieve this, the company must be able to manage the brand efficiently. By and large, it can be said that brands have many useful attributes. A brand can be used by the company as promoting recall, as assets, in providing premium and quality in the market, and in generating perceived differentiation. It can also be said that brands is a complex phenomena and it can easily be understood using metaphors such as linking brands into a person. Analysis has shown that to be able to have a strong and effective brand, it must be able to meet the needs and demands of the clients and the company itself. In addition, analysis shows that the use of integrated marketing communication is an important aspect to make the brand be more attractive and appealing to the target market. It can be concluded that integrated marketing communication affect the brand’s competitive position by enabling the target market to know more about the brands. And eventually contribute to increasing sales; notably, integrated marketing communication can help in new institutional development and launches of the brand. In addition, the study shows that a strong and effective brand has the ability to produce audiences in a multi-channel environment that enables the company to be known in the global market. Second, strong and effective brands can be an outcome of an effective integrated marketing communication approach. Reference Aaker, D. (1991). Manage Brand Equity. New York: The Free Press. Aaker, D. A. & Joachimsthaler, E. (2000). Brand leadership. New York: Free Press Asher, J. (1997). Promoting brand identity: what’s your name again? ABA Banking Journal, Vol. 89. Bailey, S. , & Schultz, D. (2000). Customer/Brand Loyalty in an Interactive Marketplace. Journal of Advertising Research, 40(3), 41. Balmer, M. T. J. 7 Wilson, A. (1998). Corporate identity: there is more to it than meets the eye. International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 28. Biel, A. (1992). How brand image drives brand equity. Journal of Advertising Research, 32, 6-12. Brassington F, Pettitt S (2000). Principles of Marketing. 2nd edition. Harlow: Financial Times Pitman. Clowe& Baack (2007) integrated advertising, promotion and marketing communications 3rd edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. Engel, J. , Blackwell, R. and Miniard, P. (1995). Consumer behavior, 8th ed. Orlando, FL. : The Dryden Press. Fill C (2002) Integrated marketing communication.oxford butterworth heineman Laforet, S. & Saunders, J. (1999). Managing brand portfolios: Why leaders do what they do. Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 39. Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(January), 1-22. Kim, H. , Kim, W. G. , & An, J. A (2003). The effect of consumer-based brand equity on firms’ financial performance. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20 (4), 335-351. Kotler, D. (1997). Marketing management: Analysis, planning, implementation and control (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. (1999). Marketing management analysis, planning, implementation and control (9th ed. ), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, NJ: Prentice. Hall Inc. Kotler et al (2004). Principle of marketing, the European edition. Kotler, P 2001 Marketing Management. Northwestern University: Prentice Hall International, Inc. McCombs, M. (2003) Everything you know about branding is wrong, expert advises: Guess who’s really in charge? Available at [brandharmony. com]. Accessed July 16, 2008.

States of Consciousness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

States of Consciousness - Research Paper Example While altered states of consciousness are generally associated with drug use, they also involve meditation and hypnosis. This essay presents a thorough research on these aspects of consciousness. Meditation Meditation is understood as the mode of inducing a specific state of consciousness to achieve a mental benefit. While meditation has a connotation as being a somewhat mystical or new age like experience, in reality it is an ancient practice that has been shown to have positive mental health benefits. In the previous few decades meditation has gradually gained acceptance in the Western world with increasing numbers of individuals and medical practitioners practicing some form of meditation. In terms of medical research, a plethora of studies have examined the physical and mental effects of meditation on human consciousness. In these regards studies have found tangible evidence demonstrating that meditation impacts changes in metabolism, blood pressure, brain activation, and other b odily processes, as well as being implemented in a number of means for stress, pain, and anxiety reduction (Newberg & Iversen, 2003). While meditation has been demonstrated to have beneficial mental effects, what actually constitutes meditation or a meditative state is defined differently among researchers. Wood, Wood & Boyd (2009, pg. 167) understand meditation as, â€Å"a group of techniques that involve focusing attention on an object, a word, one’s breathing, or one’s body movements in an effort to block out all distractions, to enhance well-being, and enact an altered state of consciousness.† This approach to meditation is that which is generally most recognized among Western medical practitioners and psychological professionals. This understanding is oftentimes augmented by an increased emphasis on the attention of the meditator, with Goleman (1988) stating, â€Å"the need for the meditator to retrain his attention, whether through concentration or mindfu lness, is the single invariant ingredient in... every meditation system.† Other researchers have identified the Eastern connotations of the term and recognize its contextual significance within a number of religious or spiritual practices. In these regards, meditation functions to achieve a sort of spiritual enlightenment or transcendence. In terms of Western implementations of meditation there are a variety of practices and corresponding medical research. One of the most prominent meditation practices in the United States is mindfulness based meditation. While influenced by ancient meditative traditions, mindfulness based meditation was popularized in the United States through the work of Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. This form of meditation is greatly influenced by Eastern traditions, most specifically Buddhism, in that it emphasizes non-judgmental self-awareness. This approach has been articulated as a, â€Å"form of naturalistic observa tion, or participant-observation, in which the objects of observation are the perceptible mental phenomena that normally arise during waking consciousness" (Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt & Walach). Much research has been conducted on this form of meditation with many studies indicating that mindfulness based meditation has beneficial effects on stress and anxiety. In addition, it has also been

Apostle Creed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apostle Creed - Essay Example This essay shall list the doctrines contained in the Apostles' Creed, following from which it will discuss both Christology and Soteriology. The determination of the doctrines contained within the Apostles' Creed is dependant upon the prior identification of the Articles contained within it. These articles, totaling twelve, are clearly enumerated prior to each declaration of belief, faith, expressed in the creed: 1. I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth. 2. And in Jesus Christ His only Son our Lord, 3. Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, 4. Suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried, 5. He descended into hell; the third day He rose again from the dead, 6. He ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty; 7. From thence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead. 8. I believe in the Holy Ghost, 9. The Holy Catholic Church; the Communion of saints; 10. The Forgiveness of sins; 11. The Resurrection of the body, 12. And the Life Everlasting. As directly derived from the above quoted articles of the Apostles' Creed, are the Christian doctrines of Theology, Cosmology, Pneumatology Part I, Soteriology Part I, Soteriology Part II, Christ's Physical Resurrection, Eschtatology Part I, the Sovereignty of God, Pneumatology Part I, Ecclesiastology Part I and Ecclesiastology Part I. The ordering of these twelve doctrines corresponds with the ordering of the twelve articles. Christology, of course, is a definitive outcome of the Creed but its complexity is such that it cannot be related to any one single article. As a theological doctrine or area of study within Christianity, Christology is both complex and uniquely important. Concerned with the nature of Jesus, the Christ, Christology is intimately related to articles two and three of the Creed of the Apostles and, to the extent that it may be identified as seminal to the Christian faith, to the entirety of the mentioned creed. The question which Christology simultaneously raises and responds to concerns the nature of Christ and, more specifically, the manner in which the divine and the human can be contained within his person and the way in which these two natures interrelate with one another. Indeed, the interrelationship between the divine and the human in the person of Christ is the primary concern of Christology and given the vastness and complexity of this concern, one notes that its subtopics embrace essential Christian doctrine such as Incarnation, Resurrection and Soteriology, or the salvic work of Jesus the Christ. In other words, Christology may very well be identified as the starting point for both the acceptance and understanding of the Christian theology insofar as its acceptance and understanding signifies the embrace of essential Christian doctrines. As may have been deduced from the preceding, Christology is immediately concerned with questions such as the Trinity, Unitarianism and Binitarianism; that is, questions which relate to the nature of God. Within a Christian theological context, the named doctrine is not simply concerned with the manner in which divine entities interact one with the other, but how the divine and the human can co-exist within the person of Jesus and how they interact with one another within that same person. The importance of Christology derives

Fault Detection and Diagnosis using Principal Component Analysis of Literature review

Fault Detection and Diagnosis using Principal Component Analysis of Vibration Data from a Reciprocating Compressor - Literature review Example PCA has been employed with genetic algorithms (GA) in order to reduce data dimensionality for use in fault diagnosis of induction motors. PCA was employed to remove relative features, after which GA was employed to select the irrelative features and to optimise the ANN (Yang, Han and Yin, 2006). Fault detection and diagnosis of plant subsystems have also been attempted using PCA. Normal plant operation decomposed through PCA was compared to faulty operation data through PCA decomposition to create thresholds for taking corrective actions. Real time monitoring of plant operation data was compared to both data sets with thresholds settled through Q statistics in order to detect faults (Villegas, Fuente and Rodriguez, 2010). Vibration monitoring of helicopter transmissions has been attempted using tri-axial accelerometers and PCA processing of the obtained data. The three different dimensions of acceleration data obtained using accelerometers were reduced to a single dimension using PCA for simpler processing. This approach is seen to provide a simpler and computationally robust technique for vibration monitoring in highly complex systems (Tumer and Huff, 2002). Independent PCA models suffer due to the control limits required for the Q and T2 statistics. Also, the limits are produced assuming that the process data is Gaussian in character, which may lead to complications if the process data is not actually Gaussian in character. Probabilistic techniques have been used in conjunction with PCA (PPCA) in order to handle both Gaussian and non-Gaussian process data for fault detection and diagnosis in a process control environment. Outcomes signified improvement over simple PCA based control schemes, but certain areas still required improvement under the PPCA based control scheme (He et al., 2012). PCA applications to process control are growing over time. Polyester film process monitoring has been attempted using Q and T2 statistics through a PCA approach for multivar iate quality control (MQC). When compared to other techniques, PCA provided a more robust model for fault detection although diagnosis was not highly reliable. It could be inferred that PCA standalone approaches are best suited to fault detection since fault diagnosis requires the application of other techniques for established reliability (Qin, 2003). A combined index consisting of statistics Q and T2 has been developed in order to minimise the index when faulty variables are being isolated. This provides a better solution than applying the conventional approach of using statistics Q and T2 separately (Chen, Lee and Liu, 2011). It must be noted that PCA provides a simple reduction of dimensionality, but PCA processing is not suited to data streams with a large amount of outliers. A robust PCA (ROBPCA) method has been suggested for dealing with large dimension data using projection pursuit in combination with robust estimation of lower dimensions. Classification of outliers has been made possible through diagnostic plots (Hubert and Engelen, 2004). ROBPCA has been employed for fault detection and isolation in various theoretical situations in order to prove its worth over PCA. The findings signify that ROBPCA provides better results than PCA with its inherent ability to process large data sets (Tharrault et al., 2008). PCA has also been applied together with acoustic emission testing (AET) to deal with vibration monitoring of

Humanities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanities - Assignment Example The gods represented in the poem make their actions based on unknown hasty and premature decisions. As a result, the cause of the flood remains unclear: â€Å"Then came the flood, sent by gods intent.† (15). On the contrary, the Bible gives a definite answer: the cause of the flood was the immoral behavior of the people (Gen. 6.5). In other words, in the epic of Gilgamesh, the deadly flood was the result of a whim of the gods, while in the Bible - a punishment for sin. God of the Bible could not accept the immoral behavior of people since it offended His divine plan, and He deliberately decided to destroy mankind. In the poem, there is no explanation as to why Utnapishtim had an opportunity for salvation, while the Bible explains why God chose Noah to be saved: â€Å"Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God† (Gen. 6.9). For this reason, God of the Bible did not regret His decision, while the gods of the poem began to regret their acti ons, blaming Enlil that he did not punish the sole culprit of his anger. The Inferno by Dante is a world masterpiece of medieval literature. This literary work is linked with both ancient heritage and the ideas of Christian Catholicism to convey the most important religious issues that existed in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. This work is characterized by a special vividness of images that have been used by Dante to realize his goals. In The Inferno, the poet portrayed his journey to the afterlife. In general, The Inferno is based on Christian mythology as well as on the doctrine of heaven and hell (Raffa 2). The hero visits various fantastic places: Hell, which has nine circles, Purgatory, and Heaven. Dante sees the amazing wonders, meets with the angels, the righteous, the souls of sinners, God, Lucifer and his minions, as well as the heroes of ancient myths. The moral sense of Dante’s travel

Nursing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing - Case Study Example Similarly, the individual level performances of the organizational members are satisfactory enough as the employees are happy and satisfied with their jobs. They do not find any hardship during the course of action in completing their tasks. Every employee is happy and satisfied with his/her job. Employees do have decent relationship among each other. All these employees do respect each other. They do share things with each other including work related information. They also assist each other in completing their tasks. In trouble times, they get together and work on ideas and strategies to get out of those troubles. They have good communication mechanism among each other. The orders and instructions of Joe, the president, are highly respected and taken care of, in a good faith. His instructions are obeyed. The leadership skills shown by Joe are also pretty much acceptable to the subordinated working under him. He is respected, and he respects others too. He gives chances to the subor dinates to have their say. He gives and instructions and in response, he is reported by the subordinates. Group Level – No Signs at all Besides all these good things happening in the metric division, yet there is some serious lacking that can be observed quite easily. This is lack of groups and teams working in the division. There are no signs of groups or teams working together. There finds no image of project based teams. What really missing in this division is the group level that is not found anywhere in the organizational system. Overall, it looks as if every person works for himself and the organization, nobody is interested in working under a team. Teams do have their advantages and disadvantages, but their advantages are far more than their side effects. Teams normally work under a leader on certain projects within specified deadlines. They have a formal goal to achieve. That goal gives team members a sense of motivation, identity and a charm to work more and good for themselves, for their teams and ultimately for the organization. The team structure provides the synergy effect such that the efforts of all individuals working under a team are magnified to produce a better resultant in the end. More brains give more ideas and techniques of performing the tasks in a more efficient way. Thus, under the leadership of a sensible individual, team workings can bring advantages to the organization. Feedback The feedback method that should be used in this case is one on one Interview with each employee. The problem which is arising in this organization is that they are good in working at individual level and organizational level but while working as a team, there are numerous problems which they experience. They face problems especially in Group Functioning. It is essential for every organization to have such group members which coordinate and cooperate while working in teams. But in this case, coordination and willingness of participation is lacking. Af ter doing one on one interview, it is essential to take a group interview as well. In group interview, a specific number of team members must be allocated and a group discussion should be commenced in order to find what problems are arising while working as a team. At the end of the discussion, there are chances of reaching to a particular conclusion and

About collecting state sale taxs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About collecting state sale taxs - Essay Example Sometimes, some sales websites such as eBay, offers the option of the seller requiring a sales tax. There is one difference though in eBay versus other Internet sources such as Amazon.com and Lands’ End that should be taken into consideration. The eBay company website does offer some sales that is merchandise purchased from the actual eBay company while others are individual sellers. The same is true with Amazon.com because some online orders are fulfilled by the website while others are offered in a marketplace style. It is my suggestion that the CEO should lobby in favor of keeping a tax on Internet sales on merchandise that is offered and fulfilled by the actual companies of Amazon and eBay. I think the taxation of individual sellers should be exempt unless they are an LLC or a corporation of some type. Individuals often pay enough in fees to be able to sell on these types of websites so it should be up to the overhead operating company to pay the sales taxes on these since they are already receiving a type of commission off of the sales made by individuals. Additionally, many of these sales take place using credit cards or payment accepted through PayPal. If an individual receives a certain amount of funding from the sale of items within the taxable year, they will have to pay taxes on them based on income made so inevitably, as long as a seller who is an individual is making a large bankroll off of these sales, there is no reason to tax their sales. However, it is the overhead companies such Amazon.com, eBay, Lands’ End and other small retailers, if they meet a certain amount of profit, I recommend that they should fall within a certain status where they are required to have sales taxes paid on online purchases. Obviously, there is some concern when there is a Supreme Court law that was between Quill Corp v. North Dakota in 1992. Quill Corp. offered products which had a licensed software computer product and the Supreme Court said that North

Hotel industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hotel industry - Assignment Example In my case, I intend to add value to my hotel service industry by picking my raw foodstuffs from distributors who are recommended by the public health organization in the United States. My hotel service targets all customers, fixing desired prices on the foodstuffs while making quality and service to customers as the main aim as opposed to mincing money from the public. Moreover, the staff employed in my hotel should have adequate training in catering bearing in mind health and safety standards of the organization. However, I do not intend to run the hotel for my entire life. I intend to make it pick and gain popularity within its location then sell it to a new management at a higher price when business hits peak. This, I intend to implement through ample customer relations, providing safe products as well as placing customer preference and quality as my main aim. Service to humanity is service for money.The chart above shows the organization of my hotel service industry. Moreover au dit ought to be done every end of the financial year to assess the employees as well as the milestones achieved by the organization. Any product that aims to be brought to the hotel must be taken through health and quality checks to ensure that safety and health standards are adhered to.Reputable hotels are very successful in both their businesses and expansion. The most challenging task in the hotel industry is the handling of competition which comes about with providing quality services as well as fixing prices that are desirable to the target customers.

Human Resources Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources Project - Research Paper Example A successful training center must have a good orientation process in order to be able to welcome the new students and integrate them into the school system. Both institutions have different methods toward orientation but the anticipated goal is the same. Miami Dade College has invested a lot into orientation with a fully functional student center and online orientation programs to ensure that new students are catered for appropriately. Broward college on the other is an institution that encourages personal contact with the staff through asking questions and attending forums to ensure transition in the college. Notably, both institutions allow the transfer of learning, the Broward college allows the students to transfer from any other colleges and join their college after producing the relevant performance documents. Unlike the Broward college, the Miami Dade college only allows students from selected colleges to join their institution. Both institution’scourses are relevant in the aspect that they provide courses that meets the country’s employment niche. The Broward college goes an extra mile to propose internship programs for their students, but the Miami Dale College seems to lag behind in this area. Comments from students state that Miami Dale College staff lacks the appropriate decorum to address student issues unlike the Broward college where there are good reviews on the service provision. Miami Dale college (2013) states that employee relations ensure that the rights of the employees are protected and also that the rules are followed in the latter. Both institutions uphold high employee relations. This trivially is the key towards better organizational performance and service delivery. Both

A Black Cloud Essay Example for Free

A Black Cloud Essay The heart is an organ of fire, filled with intense love and intense hatred. Yet it is the hatred which entwines the lives of people causing them to display acts of violence and cruelty. Hatred is displayed through forms which include: prejudices towards large groups of people, crimes of hatred being committed, and indirect hatred which involves hurting others as an act of rebellion against someone or something. Throughout history, the world has been afflicted by the prejudices of powerful leaders who in turn took their animosity out on large masses of people. Adolf Hitler, the leader of Germany during World War II, is a prime example of this. He took his hatred out on the Jews, forcing them into concentration camps. Another group that is a target of hatred are the blacks. The Ku Klux Klan, otherwise known as the KKK, possess intense hatred for the black race. Their hatred is demonstrated by marching in white cloaks in protest and also by burning the churches and neighborhoods of blacks. Just as Hitler and the KKK express hatred, the Skinheads are yet another group which have strong prejudices. See more: Basic Economic problem of Scarcity Essay These so called Skinheads abominate most races other than their own. White hooded silhouettes, German Soldiers echoing Hail Hitler! , and the infamous Skinheads are harsh reminders of hatred which exists throughout the world. In the same way that prejudices of large groups of people are expressed, hate crimes are committed to demonstrate acts of hatred. Most recent are the burning of black churches across the South. A crime of this sort shows hatred against the black race. Sometimes leading to manslaughter, racial tensions are abundant. Furthermore, the burning of crosses or flags are offensive crimes that are committed to show a persons hatred for religion or the government. Spousal abuse, child abuse, homicide, and wars between races can only be acts of one thing: hatred. Newspapers are filled with page after page of stories revealing the immense amount of hatred that our society possesses. Although crimes are committed to show hatred directly, there are other crimes which can also show hatred but in ways that are indirect. Think back to the Oklahoma City Bombing; it is a perfect example of indirect hatred. This is true because the motive of the bombers was to attempt to take revenge on the government, but instead the bombers took the lives of innocent people who were in the building. Moreover, the Empire State Building gunmans plan was to take revenge on his bitter enemies, who he blamed for making Palestinians homeless , according to a handwritten note he carried. Instead, one tourist was killed and five others were hospitalized in this attempt. Innocent bystanders, who are at the wrong place at the wrong time, are the ones who suffer most from acts of indirect hatred. A black cloud stifles society, suffocating the lives of people, causing pain and suffering. The eyes of mankind are blinded: unable to see passed prejudices. Generations carry the preconceptions of the ones before. Society needs to see the light and learn to accept.

A Friend. Essay Essay Example for Free

A Friend. Essay Essay The word â€Å"friend† seems to be used today to refer to anyone from long-term to short-term relationship; however a true friend is someone who will always be there in times of need, who will always be the best company, and who will always listen and give advice. Without any questions asked, a good friend will always be there in times of need. No matter how bad a problem is, a true friend will be the person who sits up nights and take days off work just to sit with a friend. If someone is in trouble with a difficult paper a friend will help brainstorm to figure out the problem. If someone is sick, a friend will be the first one at the door with chicken soup and will baby-sit the kids until the sick person feel better. I hate the feeling of being sick. If someone is stranded across town with a broken-down car, a friend will drop everything to make a rescue and drive the person wherever he or she needs to go. Not everyone has a friend like this a true friend will always be the first one there, no matter what. A friend is someone who is always great company, because friends have so much in common with each other. Imagine working out together, grabbing a sandwich, and then spending the evening just talkingabout life, about good times, about bad times, about classes at school. Friends sometimes love spending more time with each other than their own family, because is a strong bond that no one still yet understands. The company of a friend in a time of need is one of the best feelings to have and for this reason a great friend will always be with you, for better or worst. Most of all, a true friend is also someone who will listen and give reliable advice. Some people will listen to problems and then give the advice that they think will work best for them, but that advice isn’t necessarily best for their friend. Other people will listen but then interject personal stories that relate to the problem button’s solve it. But a true friend listens to a problem and gives suggestions to help a friend figure out the best solution for himself or herself, In other words, a true friend knows how to listen and help a person solve problems. Right now my classes are really hard. At the end of the day, friends might rent their favorite DVD and make some fresh popcorn. Sometimes they even seem to be on the same biological clock, getting tired and waking up at the same time. Friends can always be themselves around each other. The word â€Å"friend† may be misused in the English language, but at least we can agree on what true friends are. True friends are hard to find. But once you find them, they will always be there, listen to you and be the best people to spend time with. No wonder true friends are so rare! Outline I. Introductory Paragraph A. Thesis Statement 1. The word Friend use today to name anyone 2. True Friend always there when in need and for company 3. Good friend always listens and gives advice II. A good friend will be there in time of need. (1st paragraph) III. A true friend is always good company. (2nd paragraph) IV. A friend will listen and give advice.

Causes and Impact of the Recession on Banking Sector

Causes and Impact of the Recession on Banking Sector Introduction Growth Management: Two Hats Are Better Than One By Andrew Lester page 169 Says there is a definition of an economic recession-two succsive quartets in a year when the economy shrinks rather than grows. In the presence of economic recession, the effected countries are extremely in the state of anxious..The developed countries are trying to do everything to avoid the impact of recession in their country, but, it is true, the developed countries are the first affected of the economic recession because of the economic slowdown. It can be understand with the simple explanation through the different principles of economic, when any country played a big role in international trade market in different sectors; it is true that the economic effect will be more swear on their land. Recession affects the GDP or gross domestic product of the country and the downturn in different economic activities are facing the declination (smith, 2009). Rationale Recession is the phenomena which is not new, but it occurs from time to time. In this dissertation we will focus on the economy of UK under the shade of recession. The economic changes which are being brought by the recession. Banks are the finance provider to the other sectors which in turn provide growth to the economy. This late 2000s recession aggravated the situation. Mortgage rate was high they cut back loans and redundant people. The problem was clear in the late 2000s recession when the international investors and domestic holders withdrawing their deposits and the banks were reducing the availability of loans. It was really hard for the clients to find a reasonable mortgage rate or mortgage offers. In the previous year, the external economic environment has greatly affected UK banking and finance. Globalization linked economies so that economic shifts and changes in one economy affects the other as in the case of the mortgage market in the United States and the banking sector in the United Kingdom. Technological innovation also supported the linkage of economic sectors so that a downturn in one economy is likely to affect other economies. This finds expression in the mortgage market of the United States and its effect on the banking sector in the United Kingdom. The trend in the United States is the engagement in the sub-prime mortgage market to meet growing demand for housing. As such, many banking and finance institutions engaged in sub-prime mortgage, which in effect is approving loans for people who do not necessarily meet the credit rating criteria previously established. As a result, many people purchased homes on mortgage financing. As these loans matured, many were unable to pay the mortgage loans. This resulted to the sub-prime mortgage market crash in 2007. In the meantime, the United Kingdom also experienced housing demand. This encouraged new firms to engage in the sub-prime market or existing banks to establish sub-prime mortgage services such as Northern Rock. The sub-prime mortgage market crash in the United States affected the banking sector in the United Kingdom, particularly the banks that engaged intensively or almost exclusively on the sub-prime market. The crash in the United States signalled the problem that is also starting to heighten in the United Kingdom because of a number of reasons. One, large banks present in the United States and involved in the mortgage market were in the process of consolidating their losses so that these banks refused or had not ability to extend short term loans to other banks, which heavily relied on short-term loans from various banks for its sub-prime mortgage system to work. Another, banks in the United Kingdom also refused to extend further loans to the mortgage market or to financial institutions relying on short-term loans. This led to a credit crunch that eventually led to huge losses and bankruptcy. In this crucial time some banking institutes had effectively exercise of sufficient internal control practices to support its sustainability target by balancing risks with expected returns as well as some important decision taken and implemented by board of directors like to not heavily involve in mortgage market helps them to survive and book enough profit in this time. In this dissertation we will focus on the impact of recession on some financial firms who couldnt survive and book major losses up to close down with the example of Northern Rock, who announced bankruptcy. The Focus will be on the Barclays that how it has bear the pressure of recession and it flourishes. We will find out the policy and the methodology to reflect the waves of recession. Dissertation will also focus on strategies to be implemented and suggest some changes to be made in operation of banking business to not repeat these again. Some other financial firms who survive and balance its profitability by quick important decision and implement of some strategies with the example of Barclays, top banking firm of United Kingdom Literature review This dissertation will also discuses the financial crisis in UK and what is the economic condition at present. Christopher Dow said that   Recession are best defined as shortfalls below the capacity growth rate,thus accompained by growing unemployment. the initial defination of a large recession(that output should fall absoltly) is thus equivalent to a requirment that the rate of out put growth should fall below the norm(or capacity rate) by more than the norm itself. Five periods were identified on theses criteria as major recession;1920-1,1929-32,1973-5,1979-82and 1989-93. On January 24, 2009, Edmund Conway, Economics Editor for The Daily Telegraph, wrote that The plight facing Britain is uncannily similar to the 1930s, since prices of many assets from shares to house prices are falling at record rates [in Britain], but the value of the debt against which they are held remains unchanged. Recession in this age of globalization is not to be kept at a single place it tranfer its effect from one sector to the other and from one country to other . It will also highlight what are the main causes of Northern rock banks down fall due to various factors which are thoroughly discussed in literature review with the help of print media, companys case studies/websits,books,gernerals and websites also what are the affects on consumer.It is also conclude ground realities of global recession as well as enhanced information of worth while recourse in order to understand the matter of crux of world economic globalization. The subprime mortgage crisis has already suggested living standard of people around the world in line with fare of US and global economy and now it threatens to derail the U.S. economy. Origin of economic crisis and how to tackle them, advice to take valuable measures to get over the economic crisis has been revealed by best selling economist Robert Shiller in his book. An aggressive response need to be taken by people in order to restructure the intuitional basis. He also shows in his book that how these economic bubbles can be further dangerous in near future . Northern Rock banks and several of its customers withdrawal their money and savings due to there was news in the market about bankruptcy of bank which are received from Bank of England. This was certain one the reason that the prior consumers of Northern Rock have placed their savings in other banks considered to save better constancy even if the interest rate slightly lower then others. However, these consumers and their experience with Northern Rock mostly affected their future financial planning and decision-making. Barclays bank was formed in 2006 with the forshighted motive to become powerful development platform for Barclays and targeted the rapidly challenging market. The idea was to provide the better services for retail and commercial customers in markets around the globe. In 2008 annual report the group chief executive John Verley reported that that We have managed Barclays carefully through this period. We have remained solidly profitable The main reasons for Barclays survival in credit crunch is followed by its constant approach to make important progress towards success of goal by attracting 9 Million new customers while offering them cost saving packages. Richard Posner in his book describe the way of getting ride vicious credit crunch and the reasons of economic crisis by his in-depth research.   By Marc LaBonte, Thecapitol Net, Patrick Purcell: describes the Recession, Depression, Insolvency, Bankruptcy, and Federal Bailouts and to determin how resession begin or end. By Mark Zandi:give the broad accessible analysis for the economic crisis from 2007-2009.the answer is also give thoroughly in his book related recession and new version is update with latest events regarding fall of 2008 financial collapse. Gjerstad, S.,et al(2009) said in the article ‘In just the past 40 years there were two other housing bubbles, with peaks in 1979 and 1989, but the largest one in U.S. history started in 1997, probably sparked by rising household income that began in 1992 combined with the elimination in 1997 of taxes on residential capital gains up to $500,000. Rising values in an asset market draw investor attention; the early stages of the housing bubble had this usual, self-reinforcing feature. It is noticeable that lower mortgage rates are attracting, but somehow the financial institutions have a big shortfall. They have to suffer for it. In general sense the housing market is the direct centre of the crisis. The Financial disaster had started in USA and spread out to Uk and the rest of Europe. Three years ago when northern rock a mortgage bank was teetering on the brink, the financial authorities considered keeping it float with secret emergency lending but it was bank run(Anon 2009) . The main objection at that time came from the financial services authorities that a listed company should have to disclose the emergency lending to avoid misleading the business market. BBC (Aug2009) reported thatNorthern Rock relied heavily on the markets, rather than savers deposits, to fund its mortgage lending. The onset of the credit crunch has dried up its funding. Schifferes,S. (2007) in his article reported that â€Å"A wave of foreclosures and evictions is about to sweep the United States in the wake of the sub-prime mortgage lending crisis. Another bank to discuss is northern Rock which collapse as a result of recession. Hyun Song Shin in the Journal of Economic Perspectives, said ‘The U.K. bank Northern Rock became the first high-profile casualty of the global financial crisis of 2007‚Äà ¬2008 when it suffered its depositor run in September 2007. In spite of the television images of long lines of depositors outside its branch offices, the run on Northern Rock was unlike the textbook retail depositor run caused by coordination failure. Also, contrary to received wisdom, its reliance on securitization was not an immediate factor in its failure. Rather, its problems stemmed from its high leverage coupled with reliance on institutional investors for short-term funding. When the de-leveraging in the credit markets began in August 2007, Northern Rock was uniquely vulnerable to the shrinking of lender balance sheets arising from the tick-up in measured risks. Aims and objectives. The dissertation aim will be recognise secondary data of global recession effects in the UK economy as well as in primary research study determining first hand information on the recent situation of global recession affecting Uk economy, in terms of banking sector and mortgage sector .The first objective of the research is to find out the most suitable strategy that can be use by the institutions which in return can increase their market performance..For the objective, the need to use collective research and information placing weight to global economic recession facts and figures in the year 2008 and present, and its impact within UK economy. . Research Questions The dissertation will aim to find answers the following research questions through the analytical techniques and the data collections. What causes an economic recession? What are the effects of an economic recession on the financial sector? Northern rock was collapsed during the recession period what was the reason behind? Barclays Plc is not affected by the recession. What are the strategies they adopted? What is the short term and long term strategies adopt by a business in the recent recession? Research Methodology The main objective of this analysis would be to examine the main causes of recession and the impact of recession on the financial sector with detail research on Barclays Plc and Northern rock Bank. This dissertation will discuss the strategies they applied to survive in recession and what are the problems they had faced. The dissertation will also discuss the economic condition of UK banks and housing market. It will also analyse that what are the strategies, which have been adopted by the financial sector. For the research methodology, it is important to bring in related knowledge towards the UK recession and its impact towards the financial sector. Negatively or positively from within the case study interviews to be given by some UK small medium enterpriser and multinational corporations, interviews will not be of less than hundred, these are the ones who are effected by recession regarding their loss of jobs and the status from their employment from the UK business sectors. Types of Data The main type of Data will be collected for this purpose of this report is as follows. Primary Data Primary data is the information, which is collected by the researcher from his own analysis. It could be in the form of analysis questionnaires, interviews, observations, case studies or critical incidents. The primary data, which is collected from the different sources, could be either qualitative which looks at the explanation behind the given responses or quantitative which is in the form of numbers and which can represent in the form of a graph or a table. Secondary Data Secondary data is the information that is already available. This could be including books, reviews, press releases, newspaper, news bulletin, or reports etc. Again secondary data collected could be either quantitative or qualitative. It depends on the source and type of the information collected. Primary Data Questionnaires A research question is a kind of survey where the information is collected with the intension of arriving at the different conclusions on an issue. This kind of survey will help the researcher to get impartial result and if required the researcher can predict an issue or advice changes. Questions will be divided to the employees, managers of big financial companies of selected banks, mortgage companies and the housing sector. The question will be targeting a most specific issue of the discussion and each response would be analysing against each other. Survey may be deals with a variety of media (paper-electronic-verbal). Different kind of method can be used internet, face to face, telephone and mails.. The population will be divided in managers employees and customers. Interviews Interviews will be held on the spot with the people of different sectors. It could be on phone or face to face either when the respondent meets the interviewee over the phone or directly and answer some circumstantial questions relating to circumstantial issue. This kind of interviews is more advantageous since not only respondent can convey himself or herself and interview can ask to elucidate the answer. Secondary Data Sampling method Stratified sampling Stratified sampling is a method where the population is based on groups. For the dissertation purpose, we will divide the populations. Managers of the companies This will include managers who are in direct contact with financial departments, including policy and decisions makers. Employers This group directs to those who help to apply the strategies or changes. Their opinion is indispensible as they are indirectly related with the running of business Customers This group directs to those who are directly and indirectly affects with new changes and strategies. The big advantage of stratified sampling is that question will be related to the details. The interviewer wants to be answered and there will be less chance that the respondent will simply guess an answer because they have already been chosen whether they are in a position to answer the question. There is another advantage of this type of sampling method is that it increases the chance of having a more relevant answers as compared to simple random sampling. It is possible that the disadvantage is that it makes the analysis a bit complex. Simple random sampling This is a method where a small group of samples are selected from a large group of people. the advantage of this method is simplest and straightforward and disadvantage is time scale may be too long. Data analysis There are two major approaches to analysis the data and collect an information qualitative and quantitative research method. Sometime required information is already available and required only be pull out. However, in the analysis sometime information must be collected. This kind of research will call back the second approach. The research needs to be collected and it is not already available. The research mainly relies on the primary data. The nature of the problem which researcher will explore in this report is suitable for both research methods. The secondary data in this research will be gathered from reports, books journals, internet journals-internet websites, companys website, articles and every other written source of data. As primary data will be collected through the interviews and questions, then all of the collected data will be analysis to accomplish the objectives and aims of the dissertation. Qualitative Research Technique Qualitative research means to know why, not the, how, which is collected by many methods like interviews, feedback, forms-emails. Qualitative research is used to understand how people feel and they think-depth interviews or group discussions are two common methods to use for collect qualitative information. Quantitative Research Technique Quantitative research technique where a research method depends less on interviews, questions, observations but it is more focused on the numerical data and statistic collection and analysis. Information collected from the financial sectors, banks, mortgage companies will be combined together and put into tables and graphical charts to view the opinion on different topics and to review overall responses. Limitations of the Study Validity and reliability Validity directs to the truthfulness and accuracy of the research. Research data may be mislead if a question will be misinterpreted or misunderstand. Reliability is a various statistical tests. There is another way to test the reliability is to ask a same question with different wording in the research survey. It will help to collect a right data. Data may be misleading if the interviewee gives a judgment instead of straight facts. Therefore respondent will be bound in many ways from freely expression views with the help of close ended questions. Interviewing It may be challenging to finding the right person at the right time because of the current economic situation. A financial sector would face the different challenges and then an interview for an academic research could end up with a long way wait. Confidentiality As the business market is very competitive and the fact is that bit information about the company can give a rise to the competitors, a company might not want to share data. Although a confidentiality, agreement will be signed and disclaimer will be issued. Response times The response time to the questionnaire and interview setting mostly rely on how busy the management and staff are at the research time. This might make collection process lengthier Recent external factors Economical changes have a direct impact on the financial sectors and therefore theses changes have impact on their staffs as well. It is possible that feed back could be more a response to the recent external changes and not because of the business to ensure employees are happy and content. Time Scale Planning Activities May 05-30 May-June 30-22 June-July 25-02 July 04-14 July 16-26 July-Aug 27-07 Aug-Sep 08-25 Sep 26-30 Project proposal ___ Literature Review ____ Research Methodology ____ Empirical study ____ Empirical result ____ Recommendation ____ Conclusion ____ Thesis submission ____

Making Utilities for MS-DOS :: Microsoft Computers System Software Essays

Making Utilities for MS-DOS These days, when computers play an important role in virtually all aspects of our life, the issue of concern to many programmers is Microsoft's hiding of technical documentation. Microsoft is by far the most important system software developer. There can be no argument about that. Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system has become a de facto standard (IBM's PC-DOS is actually a licensed version of MS-DOS). And this should be so, because these systems are very well written. The people who designed them are perhaps the best software engineers in the world. But making a computer platform that is a de facto standard should imply a good deal of responsibility before the developers who make applications for that platform. In particular, proper documentation is essential for such a platform. Not providing enough documentation for a system that everyone uses can have disastrous results. Think of it, an operating system is useless by itself, its sole purpose is to provide services to applications. And who would be able to develop applications for an operating system if the documentation for that system is confidential and available only to the company that developed it? Obviously, only the company that has developed that operating system will be able to develop software for it. And this is a violation of the Antitrust Law. And now I start having a suspicion that this is happening with Microsoft's operating systems. It should be no secret to anyone that MS-DOS contains a lot of undocumented system calls, data structures and other features. Numerous books have been written on this subject (see bibliography). Many of them are vital to system programming. There is no way to write a piece of system software, such as a multitasker, a local area network, or another operating system extension, without knowing this undocumented functionality in MS-DOS. And, sure enough, Microsoft is using this functionality extensively when developing operating system extensions. For example, Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Network, and Microsoft CD-ROM Extensions (MSCDEX) rely heavily on the undocumented internals of MS-DOS. The reader can ask, "Why do they leave functionality undocumented?" To answer that question, we should look at what this "functionality" actually is. In MS- DOS, the undocumented "functionality" is actually the internal structures that MS-DOS uses to implement its documented INT 21h API. Any operating system must have some internal structures in which it keeps information about disk drives, open files, network connections, alien file systems, running tasks, etc. And MS- DOS (later I'll call it simply DOS) has internal structures too. These structures form the core of undocumented "functionality" in MS-DOS. This operating system also has some undocumented INT 21h API functions, but they

Irony in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay -- American Literat

In "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin, there are many moments when Chopin's craft of writing feeds the irony of the story. One perfect example, "assure himself of its truth by a second telegram" (772). This sentence subdued me into believing that Mrs. Mallard's husband was dead, when in fact, we learn that he never died. In addition, Mrs. Mallard is a woman with a strong sense of passion and detest. In the end, she dies by the nature of story. Chopin brings a style of writing that has irony. In the beginning of the story, Chopin's introduces you to the heart trouble that afflicts Mrs. Mallard. Her condition is significant later because this ailment drives the story. However, the notion of this heart condition can be overlooked as being meaningless. Many readers could argue that this heart condition foreshadowed the climax of the story instantaneously but it does not. In the end of the story, we realize the significance of her sickness. It was a clever way to secretly introduce the weakness that ends Mrs. Mallard's life. Another, well deceptive measure used by Chopin'...

Becoming A Stronger Person :: essays research papers

â€Å" Becoming a Stronger Person†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a story about a Black female growing up in the American South during the 1930’s and 40’s. Maya Angelou, the narrator and author of this book, writes about growing up in a society filled with racism and hatred. From rape to racism, Maya Angelou has experienced an immense amount of hardships and grievances her whole life. Through these experiences, Maya learns the true meaning of courage, independence, and trust; she realizes that the hardships and various experiences in one’s life can only make that person stronger in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child, Maya was a very quiet and passive girl who rarely spoke her mind. When she was younger, a couple of â€Å"powhitetrash† girls went into her grandmother’s store and harassed her. Maya was so scared that all she could do was curl herself up into a small corner and start crying; unable to stick up to those girls. However, her sudden development of courage is exemplified when she goes to visit her father in California. Maya gets into an argument with her father’s girlfriend, Dolores, and apparently, Dolores ends up calling Maya’s mother a whore. The â€Å"new† Maya, filled with anger, responded by slapping Dolores across the face. The small, reticent child had turned into a courageous, young woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early years of her life, Maya had always been pretty dependent on her grandmother or brother. However, when she got older, she realized that she needed to do something on her own. As a result, she went out and found herself a job. Being a black girl, finding a job was not simple, but she managed without giving up. Her sedulous work granted her the position as the first black trolley conductor in San Francisco. She had succeeded independently and did not give up without putting up a fight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maya’s one month stay in the junkyard taught her how to trust again. After the rape incident, Maya became very insecure and kept to herself most of the time. However, in the junkyard, she built a special camaraderie with her fellow run-away friends and was able to trust again. The open acceptance by her peers wiped away the feeling of insecurity that she had felt for such a long time. They initiated her into â€Å"the brotherhood of man†. They accepted Maya for the person she was inside; completely disregarding the color of her skin. Becoming A Stronger Person :: essays research papers â€Å" Becoming a Stronger Person†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a story about a Black female growing up in the American South during the 1930’s and 40’s. Maya Angelou, the narrator and author of this book, writes about growing up in a society filled with racism and hatred. From rape to racism, Maya Angelou has experienced an immense amount of hardships and grievances her whole life. Through these experiences, Maya learns the true meaning of courage, independence, and trust; she realizes that the hardships and various experiences in one’s life can only make that person stronger in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child, Maya was a very quiet and passive girl who rarely spoke her mind. When she was younger, a couple of â€Å"powhitetrash† girls went into her grandmother’s store and harassed her. Maya was so scared that all she could do was curl herself up into a small corner and start crying; unable to stick up to those girls. However, her sudden development of courage is exemplified when she goes to visit her father in California. Maya gets into an argument with her father’s girlfriend, Dolores, and apparently, Dolores ends up calling Maya’s mother a whore. The â€Å"new† Maya, filled with anger, responded by slapping Dolores across the face. The small, reticent child had turned into a courageous, young woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early years of her life, Maya had always been pretty dependent on her grandmother or brother. However, when she got older, she realized that she needed to do something on her own. As a result, she went out and found herself a job. Being a black girl, finding a job was not simple, but she managed without giving up. Her sedulous work granted her the position as the first black trolley conductor in San Francisco. She had succeeded independently and did not give up without putting up a fight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maya’s one month stay in the junkyard taught her how to trust again. After the rape incident, Maya became very insecure and kept to herself most of the time. However, in the junkyard, she built a special camaraderie with her fellow run-away friends and was able to trust again. The open acceptance by her peers wiped away the feeling of insecurity that she had felt for such a long time. They initiated her into â€Å"the brotherhood of man†. They accepted Maya for the person she was inside; completely disregarding the color of her skin.

Monitoring and evaluation Essay

Evaluating development programmes 5 What is impact evaluation? 6 Types of evaluation 7 Evidence-based policy making 8 Evaluation questions; hypotheses and performance indicators Development Finance (IFMR) Monitoring an Dec 2,2013 2/11 d Evaluation It is a process that increases â€Å"the range of human choice† [sen,2000] Development is a multidimensional concept: HDI (UNDP) Growth is unidimensional: PCI, GDP Growth and development are interdependent: two-way causality Inclusive growth or growth with a ‘human face’ Eradication of â€Å"capability† deprivations: hunger, malnutrition, access to healthcare, education, etc. Efficiency vs Equity: Bhagwat’ vs Sen 3/11 Development economics as a discipline Emerged in 1940s (following World War II): Asian, African and Caribbean colonies became independent How to achieve development in these emerging economies? Their problems are wholly different from those in advanced countries Need for planning was felt Promoters of development: The World Bank and its affiliates, agencies of I-IN, etc. New evelopment economics went beyond classical(Smith, Malthus, Ricardo) and neoclassical predecessors 4/11 lopment economics as a discipline Why a separate discipline? â€Å"Development economics consists in part of the refinement of general economics to deal with questions which arise in the context of development, and partly of certain special ideas which have proved useful in studying developing countries. † [Bliss, Handbook of Development Economics(1989)] Development economics is dead (Hirschman, 1981; Lal, 1983): ‘East Asian Miracle’ as a triumph of free market Initial phase: industrialisation (Mahalanobis model); inward looking policies

Oops (Bca)

Punjab Technical University Jalandhar Syllabus Scheme (1st to sixth Semester) For Bachelors in electronic computer Applications (BCA) Applicable from terrible 2005 & Onwards STUDY SCHEME FOR BCA SEMESTER -1 economy BCA-101 BCA-102 BCA-103 BCA-104 BCA-105 BCA-106 BCA -107 BCA -108 centre SEMESTER -2 Code BCA-201 BCA-202 BCA-203 BCA-204 BCA-205 BCA -206 BCA -207 erupt forth vitrine Principles of circumspection musical arrangement Analysis & chassis Math-I (Discrete) info Structures Digital Ckt. & Logic internationalise Hardwargon lab-I (BC -205) softw atomic deed 18 product research lab- tether (BC-204) L 48 48 48 24 32 200 P 0 0 0 24 16 40 measure 48 48 48 48 48 240 INT. 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 clxxv EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 add together label speed of light carbon vitamo C carbon light speed speed of light coulomb 700 able ledger admission to schooling Technology Math (Bridge Course) grassroots story programing in C colloquy Skills (Business Commun ication) Communication & Soft Skills package Lab I(BC-101 & 103 bundle Lab II(BC-104) L 24 48 32 24 48 30 206 P 24 0 16 24 0 64 TOTAL 48 48 48 48 48 30 270 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 225 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS c carbon ampere-second coke coulomb 50 100 100 750SEMESTER 3 Code BCA-301 BCA-302 BCA-303 BCA-304 BCA-305 BCA -306 BCA -307 TOTAL SEMESTER -4 Code loose L P TOTAL INT. EXT. TOTAL MARKS worst Math-II ( computing machine Oriented Methods) Management selective information corpse of ruless packet Engineering Object Oriented course of cultureming in C++ initiation to Micro makeor softw be Lab IV (BC-304) Hardw atomic number 18 Lab II (BC-305) L 30 40 40 32 32 174 P 18 0 0 32 16 66 TOTAL 48 40 40 64 48 240 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 one hundred seventy-five EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 BCA-401 BCA-402 BCA-403 BCA-404 BCA -405 BCA -406 BCA -407 calculating machine communicates data Base Management clay Computer clay architecture run System shitshop on opthalmic Basic softw be scheme Lab V (BC-402) parcel Lab VI (BC-405) Unix /Linux 36 40 48 36 24 144 0 20 0 12 24 96 36 60 48 48 48 240 25 25 25 25 100 25 25 250 75 75 75 75 0 75 75 450 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESTER -5 Code BCA-501 BCA-502 BCA-503 BCA-504 BCA -505 BCA -506 BCA -507 TOTAL Subject net income Applications and java System Softw atomic number 18 Computer Graphics physical process explore Softw ar Lab VII (Major discombobulate I) Softw be Lab V troika (BC-501) Software Lab IX (BC-503) 148 L 36 36 36 40 P 36 0 12 0 44 92 TOTAL 72 36 48 40 44 240 INT. 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 175 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESTER -6 Code BCA-601 BCA-602 BCA -603 BCA -604 BCA -605 BCA -606 BCA -607 TOTAL Subject sentimental Intelligence Handling operating(a) Systems Software Lab X (Major proposal II) Software Lab XI ( weathervane physical bodying) Software Lab XII (BC-602) Seminar (BC-603) Comprehensive oral-Voce L 48 48 96 P 0 48 80 16 144 TOTAL 48 96 80 16 240 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 100 225 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 100 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESER -1 BCA-101 . entree to discip pull in Technology operating instructions FOR PAPER-SETTER The interview open ordain make up of devil parts, A and B. dis blot off A render on amaze 15 soon reaction principals (40-60 words) of 2 tag from for sever exclusively(a)y one one. man B lead bedevil 12 keen-sighted break up gestures of 5 label to all(a)(prenominal) one. The computer programme of the vanquish is divide into 3 sections I, II and tierce. The principal typo interprety giveing coer the perfect curriculum uniformly. adjourn A go come forth endure 5 scruples from individually instalment Ind wear B provide dribble 4 interrogations from severally section. bid FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are compulsory to try on each oral sexs fro m start show up A and 9 headlands of commence B emerge of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ arm I Computer Fundamentals Number Systems, History of Computers, forfend diagram of computer & detailed implication of each part. endure of I/O devices Keyboard, Hard disk, Floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, Plotters, S potners, mouse, Printers Dot intercellular substance, Laser, thermal Inkjet, VDU. air division II Primary & thirdhand memories. portalion to Operating Systems & its meshs Definition of guileless batch processing, multi programing, multiprocessing, real-time, time-sharing systems, Concept of Spooling, portion trine Typical DOS overleaps, reservation fair batch institutionalises.Application of Computers in variant field Defense, Industry, Management, Sports, Commerce, Internet. omputer and parley Single user, Multi-user, Workstations, and Overview of LAN, WAN Overview of modem, E-Mail, telecommunicate Internet facilities through WWW BCA-102. link up COURSE IN MATHEMATICS book of instructions FOR PAPER-SETTER The headspring composing go expose dwell of ii parts, A and B. art heading A ordain throw away 15 bunco perform unbeliefs (40-60 words) of 2 attach each. go bad B entrust shake up 12 keen-sighted reply doubtfulnesss of 5 label each. The political platform of the showcase is separate into 3 sections I, II and terce.The header root word allow for allot the full political program uniformly. pause A go forth transfer 5 brains from each dent Ind start B pull up stakes deem 4 irresolutions from each section. culture FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are necessary to endeavour all scruples from cast A and 9 skepticisms of break open B egress of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ plane section I Set relations and functions elements of a set, manner actings of describing a set, types of set, Venn diagram, surgical opera tions on sets, union, point of intersection Ind rest of set, wave-particle duality, partioning of a set, trigonometric functions. parting II Binomial theorem and principle of mathematics facility origination to matrix, properties of matrix evaluation of determinant, churl and cofactors and properties of determinant section tether Statistics cornerstone to statistics, collection, and tabulation of data, mean, median and mode. BCA-103. Basic chronicle separate I Basic Accounting intromission, importance and sphere, thoughts and conventionsGenerally accepted accounting principles-double entry descriptorwork Basic concepts of Journals, ledgers, purchase book, gross revenue book, cashbook. subsection II Preparation of fiscal statements Profit and loss account and eternal rest sheet.Nature, scope, advantage and limitations of perplexity accounting. subsection third Sources of raising of capital in bodied downstairstaking simple treatment to make love of shares, forf eiture of shares and re issue of forfeit shares. Application of computers in accounting. BCA-104. programme in C operating instructions FOR PAPER-SETTER The mind topic provide harp of 2 parts, A and B. protrude A volition stool 15 fiddling issue forelands (40-60 words) of 2 tag each. realm B give tolerate 12 retentive come nouss of 5 attach each. The platform of the checkmate is split up into 3 sections I, II and deuce-ace. The chief composing bequeath draw come in the finished political program uniformly. originate A exit founder a bun in the oven 5 wonders from each air division Ind region B exit check 4 questions from each section. teaching method FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are inevitable to attempt all questions from break up A and 9 questions of incite B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ office I Fundamentals lineament set, Identifiers & Keywords, data Types, constants, set, constants, variables, expressions, statement, symbolic constants. Operations and expressions arithmetic operators, unary operators, relational and system of logical operators, engagement and conditional operators, and library functions. info input and siding Preliminaries, single(a) example input, single character output, entering input data, more closely the rakef function, writing output data, more almost printf function, the gets and puts function, interactive programming. class II admit statements Preliminaries, while, do-while and for statements. Nested loops, if else, switch, break continue statement. purposes Brief overview, delineate accessing function, skeleton perimeters to function, specifying argument data types, function prototype and recursion.Program construction Storage classes, automatic, external, and static variables, more about library functions. troops defining and processing an array, breathing out cursors to a function, pointer and one dimensional arra ys, operations on pointers, passing functions multidimensional arrays of pointers, passing functions to the other functions, more about pointer declarations. segmentation trio Structure And Unions shaping and processing a structure, user define data types, structure and Pointers, passing structure to function, self-referential structures, and unions. information files Opening, closing, creating, and processing and unformatted data field. C-programming applications Sorting (Bubble sort, plectrum sort), hard-hitting (double star search, unidimensional Search). BCA-105. chat SKILLS (BUSINESS COMMUNICATION) instruction manual FOR PAPER-SETTER The question motif get out lie of both parts, A and B. art object A lead flummox 15 compact set questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. grapheme B volition corroborate 12 extensive resultant questions of 5 marks each. The platform of the area is separate into 3 sections I, II and III. The question news report forget embrace the intact platform uniformly. routine A pass on head for the hills 5 questions from each contribution Ind division B pass on adjudge 4 questions from each section. breeding FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are infallible to attempt all questions from fortune A and 9 questions of disunite B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ class I Introduction to Business Communication gist and Definition, treat and sort outification of communication, Elements & Characteristics of communication. Corporate communication Formal and folksy Communication, Grapevine, Communication barriers, immensity of communication. department II Principles of Effective communications 7 Cs ConceptWritten communication Meaning, objectives and essentials of utile written communication, media or types of Written communication. Non communicative Communication greatness, forms or Media, Kinesics. Effective audience kernel, temper and importance of g ood earshot, types of listening Principles of effective listening, factors affecting listening, barriers in listening, difference between hearing and listening. ingredient III Writing Skills Short Compositions Classified Advertisements, point Vacant, Situation wanted, Career Guidance, Counseling, Lost and found, sales agreement / Purchase, To let.Notices General / Public Notices, Tender Notices, auction sale Notices. Letter Writing Official letters, Placing orders, displace Replies, Letters to Editors, Application for job. Comprehension Passages (From textbook book only comprehension question should be asked, No general question) BCA-106. COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS Essentials of Grammar purposes of Speech, Punctuation, Vocabulary Building, Phonetics powerfulness Management Types of Correspondence, Receipt and Dispatch of Mail, file Systems, Classification of Mail. mapping & Function of Correspondence, MIS, Managing Computer Letter & Resume Writing Types of Letters-F ormal / Informal, Importance and Function, Drafting the Applications, Elements of Structure, Preparing the Resume, Dos & jadets of Resume, Helpful Hints showing Skills Importance of showing Skills, Capturing Data, Voice & Picture Integration, Guidelines to make institution Interesting, Body Language, Voice Modulation, Audience Awareness, Presentation Plan, Visual Aids, Forms of Layout, Styles of Presentation. interview Preparation Types of oppugn, Preparing for the Interviews, Attending the Interview, Interview dish out, Employers Expectations, General Etiquette, Dressing Sense, Postures & Gestures Group parole & Expressions, Evaluation Presentation Definition, Process, Guidelines, Helpful ( peak all student shall be given 15 minutes. of intro time & 45 minutes of discussion on his/ her presentation. ) The student go forth be evaluated on the basis of his / her presentation style Feed post of Faculty & Students General Etiquette progression in Letter Drafting / Intervie w PreparationThe paper is internal and at least(prenominal) 3 tests go away be taken. shell 2 of 3 shall account for net grades (70% Test & 30% Presentation) SEMESER -2 BCA-201. PRINCIPLES OF focussing INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper testament consist of deuce parts, A and B. agency A impart defy 15 short upshot questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. partitioning B pull up stakes acquit 12 dogged reply questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the fount is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper bequeath dawn the built-in syllabus uniformly. federal agency A pass on choose 5 questions from each department Ind Part B go forth concord 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are inevitable to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ scratch I Forms of business shapings and ownership Sole proprie torship, Partnership, mutual stock company, Public & Private undertakings, disposal companies. Management Meaning & definition of concern, nature, scope and its various functions. variance II Planning nature and purpose, types, steps in planning , conclusiveness making Strategic , tactical and operational end, decision making process, rationality in decision making. Organizing nature, importance, the organizing process, organizational objectives, formal and informal organization, organization chart, span of management factors determining effective span, Departmentation definition, departmentation by function, by territory, product/ serve customer group management by objectives (MBO), Delegation, Decentralization v/s centralization.Section III Staffing definition, manpower management, factors affecting staffing, Recruitment and weft , Performance appraisal . learn theories of Motivation hierarchy of needs theory, theory of X and theory of Y. Leadership styles, theories of leadership character approach and situational approach, managerial grid. Controlling meaning & nature , steps in arbitrary , essentials of effective control systems. BCA-202. corpse compend AND shape INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper ordain consist of 2 parts, A and B. Part A go out redeem 15 short termination questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each.Part B pass on brook 12 long root questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the humble is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper bequeath cover the built-in syllabus uniformly. Part A lead obtain 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B give persist 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are demand to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I System Concepts Definition, characteristics, elements & types of system.System information life cy cle Recognition of need Feasibility reckon Section II system analysis-introduction, information collection, interviews, questionnaires, observation, record clear-cut and document analysis, analysis tools, data combine diagram, data dictionary, decision tree, structured face and decision table. Section III System jut out The process and stages of systems design, input/output and file design System death penalty System implementation, system testing, implementation process and implementation methods system maintenance. BCA-203.MATH-I (DISCRETE MATHS) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of cardinal parts, A and B. Part A will permit 15 short reply questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long break up questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the compositors case is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the full(a) syllabus uniformly. Part A will rent 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will strain 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are necessary to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Set theory. Relations and functions Set notations and description, subsets, staple quality set operations. Venn diagrams, laws of set theory, partition of sets, min sets, duality principle, basic definitions of relations and functions, art of relations, properties of relations injective, surjective and bijective functions, composition. Section II Combinations normal of products, permutations, combinations.Algebra of Logic Propositions and logic operations, truth tables and propositions generated by set, equivalence and implication laws of logic, mathematical system, and propositions over a universe, mathematical induction, quantifiers. Recursion and recurrence The many another(prenominal) faces of recursion, recurrence, relations, and many common recurrence relations, generating functions. Section III Graph theory conglomerate types of graphics, simple and multigraphs, directed and undirected graphs, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graph, graph connectivity, traversals, graph optimizations, Graph cloaking, trees, spanning trees, rooted trees, binary star star trees.BCA-204. DATA STRUCTURES INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of cardinal parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short suffice questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long settle questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the substance is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the inbuilt syllabus uniformly. Part A will take to the woods 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will ingest 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. __________________________________ __________________________________ Section I Introduction to Data Structure Basic concept of data, line of work analysis , algorithm complexity, adult O notation and time blank shell trade off. Stacks & Queues Basics of gobs and queues, Recursion, Polish notation, circular Queues, priority Queues. Section II Linked Lists Single link list, circular associate list, doubly linked list and dynamic storage management, conclude list, Garbage Collection. Trees Definition & Concepts, Basic trees, binary program tree models, threaded storage representation, binary tree traversals, and application of trees.Section III Searching and sorting use of various data structures for searching and sorting, linear and binary search, founding sort, selection sort, merge sort, bubble sort, promptly sort, Heap sort. BCA-205. DIGITAL CIRCUITS & LOGIC DESIGN INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of devil parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III.The question paper will cover the accurate syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction Overview of number system and codes. Elements and functions of digital Logic accesss, inlet propagation delay time, logic gates, inlet propagation delay time, and logic gate applications.Boolean algebra Boolean operations, SOP and POS forms, and simplification exploitation karnaugh maps, genuineization of expressions using goals. Section II Combinational logical circuits design of Binary Adder-Serial, Parallel, Carry look ahead type. in full subtrac tor, code converters, MUX and DEMUX, encoders and encoders. Sequential logic circuits befuddle flop R-S, J-K, Master slave J-K, D and T flip-flops using nand gates. Section III Counters Design of asynchronous and synchronous, updown and programmable counters. Registers shift registers, various types and their applications.Detection and correction codes, detecting and correcting an error. SEMESER -3 BCA-301. MATHS II ( ready reckoner ORIENTED METHODS) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of devil parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the consummate syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section.INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Pa rt A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Matrix Algebra Introduction of a matrix, its different kinds, matrix profit and scalar multiplication, Multiplication of matrices, Square matrix, swan of a matrix, Transpose, Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix Solving simultaneous equations using Gauss elimination method, Gauss Jorden Method and matrix inversion method Section II Statistics Measures of central tendency.Preparing frequency distribution table, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonised mean, median and mode. Measures of dispersion Range, mean deviation, step deviation, co-efficient of variation, moments, Skewness and Kurtosis Differential compression Introduction, Differentiation, differential gear of a Function of One Variable, powerfulness Function, Sum and Product of Two Functions, Function of a Function, Differentiation by method of substitution, Maxima and Minima Section III Integral Cal culus Indefinite Integral, Integration by substitution, integration by parts,, Integration by partial derivative fractions, definite integral.Numerical integration Trapezoidal method, simpsons 1/3 rule, simpsons 3/8 rule. BCA-302. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section.INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Systems and Basic Systems Concepts, Types of Systems, The System s Approach, cultivation Systems Definition & Characteristics, Types of data, use of goods and service of Information in determination Making, Sub Systems of an Information system EDP and MIS, management directs, EDP/MIS/DSS.Section II An overview of Management Information System Definition & Characteristics, Components of MIS, Frame Work for Understanding MIS Robert Anthonys Hierarchy of Management Activity, Information requirements & Levels of Management, Simons Model of decision- Making, Structured Vs Un-structured decisions, Formal Vs. Informal systems. Section III Developing Information Systems Analysis & Design of Information Systems instruction execution & Evaluation, Pitfalls in MIS growing. Functional MIS A Study of Marketing, Personnel, Financial and Production MIS. BCA-303.SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will ha ve 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Software Characteristics, Components, Applications, Software Process Models Waterfall, Spiral, Prototyping, Fourth Generation Techniques, Concepts of visualize Management, Role of Metrics & Measurements. S/W view Planning Objectives, Decomposition techniques S/W Sizing, line of workbased estimation, Process based estimation, Cost mind Models COCOMO Model, The S/W Equation, Section II System Analysis Principles of Structured Analysis, demand analysis, DFD, Entity Relationship diagram, Data dictionary.S/W Des ign Objectives, Principles, Concepts, Design methodologies Data design, Architectural design, adjective design, Object -oriented concepts Section III scrutiny fundamentals Objectives, principles, testability, Test cases White blow & Black box testing, Testing strategies substantiation & validation, unit test, integration testing, validation testing, system testing BCA-304. OBJECT ORIENTED schedule USING C++ INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each.The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ________ _____________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction Object oriented programming, characteristics of object orientated lyrics, classes, C++ basics Program Statements, Variables and constants, Loops and closes.Functions Defining a function, function arguments & passing by value, arrays & pointers, function & strings, functions & structures. Section II Classes & Objects Defining class, class constructors and destructors, operator overloading. Class Inheritance Derived class & base class Virtual, Friends and Static functions Multiple heritage, Polymorphism. Section III scuttlebutt/output files Streams, buffers & iostreams, header files, redirection, file input and output. BCA-305. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B.Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Microprocessor, its historical background and its applications. INTEL 8085 Introduction, Microprocessor Architecture and its operations, 8085 MPU and its architecture,8085 instruction cycle ,8085 Instructions Data canalise instructions, Arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, Branch instructions,RISC v/s CISC processors. Section II INTEL 8086 Introduction, 8086Architecture,real and Protected mode memory Addressing, retrospect Paging Addressing Modes. Various types of instructions Data movement, Arithmetic and logic and program control.Type of instructions, fleur-de-lis diagram of 8086, clock generator (8284A) Section III INTERRUPTS Introduction, 8257 Interrupt controller, basic DMA operation and 8237 DMA Controller, Arithmetic coprocessor, 80X87 Architecture. SEMESER -4 BCA-401. COMPUTER NETWORKS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Data communications concepts Digital and analog gibe and serial synchronous and asynchronous, si mplex, half duplex, duplex, multiplexing. Communication channels Wired transmissions Telephone lines, lease lines, switch line, coaxial cables-base band, broadband, optical fiber transmission.Section II Wireless transmission vaporize transmission, infrared transmission, laser transmission, radio transmission, and artificial satellite transmission. Communication switching techniques Circuit switching, subject matter switching, packet switching. meshing role models Network topologies, OSI references model, TCP/IP reference model, coincidence of OSI and TCI reference model. Section III Data link mould design issue Services provided to the communicate social class, framing, error control, feast control HDLC, SDLC, data link layer in the cyber pose (SLIP, PPP).MAC sub layer CSMA/CD, IEEE standards, FDM, TDM, CDMA. The Network Layer Design Issues, Routing Algorithms Optimality principled, shortest direction routing, Concept of Internet Working. BCA-402. DATA domicile MANAGEM ENT SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I An overview of the database management system Concept of database system, Database Administrator and his responsibilities. Physical and rational data independence. Three level Architecture of database system the external level, conceptual level and the internal level.Introduction to Data Models Entity Relationship Model, Hierarch ical, Network and relative Model. coincidence of Network, Hierarchical and Relational Model. Section II Relational data model Relational database, relational algebra and calculus, SQL dependencies, functional, multivalent and join, normalization. Section III Database protection Recovery, concurrency, security, rightfulness and control. Distribute database Structure of distributed database, design of distributed databases. BCA-403. COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B.Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________Section I Computer makeup & Design Instruction codes, op-codes, Computer Registers, Computer Instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, retrospection reference instructions, mainframe Stack Organization, Instruction format, Addressing Formats. Section II Control Unit Architecture, I/O Architecture Transfer of Information among I/O devices, CPU, retrospect and I/O ports. Section III Memory System Storage technologies, Memory hierarchy, Memory mapping, Main memory and Auxiliary memory, associative and Cache memory Introductory study of 8-bit Microprocessor BCA-404.OPERATING SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Operating System, its need and Operating System services Operating System classification single user, multi-user, simple batch processing, Multiprogramming, Multitasking, Parallel system, Distributed system, Real time system. Process Management Process Concept, Process scheduling, Overview of InterProcess communication, Section II CPU plan Basic concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms.Memory Management Logical Versus Physical report space, Swapping Partition, paging and segmentation, concepts of Virtual Memory. File Management File concept, access methods, Directory Structure, file pr otection. allocation methods Contiguous, linked and index allocation. Section III Deadlocks Deadlock Characteristics, Prevention, Avoidance, Detection and Recovery, critical section, synchronicity hardware, semaphores, combined approach to deadlock handling. warrantor Authentication, Program Threats, System Threats, and Encryption. BCA-405.WORKSHOP ON visual BASIC Develop an Application using Visual Basic Bank transactions management Hotel Management Gas representation management Office automation railway line reservation Computerisation course registration guild management Hospital management farm animal management Competitive examination database nimbus line reservation Transport management College admission Library management Note Any Relational Database System can be used as back end. SEMESER -5 BCA-501. INTERNET APPLICATIONS AND JAVA INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B.Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words ) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction Internet Architecture board, understanding the internet.Concept Working, glide and security on the internet. Internet protocols Internet addressing, internet routing protocols internet message protocol, internet group management protocols, internet institutionalise protocol. Internet applications E-mail, multi cost backbone, net news. Web World Wide Web advantages of sack, tissue terminology, web access using web browser, locating information on the web. Sectio n II Introduction to Java Applets, application & JDK, different b/w Java & C++, running(a) with Java objects Encapsulation, inheritance & polymorphism, constructors.Garbage collection & finalisers, data types, modifies & expressions, array & come down control statements. Section III censure handling threads, event handling, network programming & Java virtual machines, Java & databases. BCA-502. SYSTEM SOFTWARE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ______ _______________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to software processors elements of group language programming assembly scheme, single pass and two pass assembler general design use of a two pass assembler. Section II Macros and Macro processor large instruction definition, macro expansion, and features of macro facility, design of macro processor.Overview of compilers memory allocation, lexical analysis, syntax analysis, arbitrate code generation and optimization local anesthetic and global optimization, code generation. Section III Loaders and gene linkage editors Introduction to Loading, linking and relocation, program linking, linkage editors, dynamic linking, bootstrap loader. Other system software Operating System, DBMS, Functions and structure of schoolbook Editor. BCA-503. COMPUTER GRAPHICS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words ) of 2 marks each.Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Input devices Keyboard, Touch panel, light pens, Graphic tablets, Joysticks, Trackball, Data glove, Digitizers, Image scanner, Mouse, Voice & Systems.Hard copy devices shock absorber and non impact printers, such as line printer, dot matrix, laser, ink-jet, electrostatic, flatbed and drum plotters. Section II Video Display Devices look back cathode -ray tube, raster scan displays, random scan displays, color CRT-monitors, direct view storage tube, flat-panel displays three-D vi ewing devices, raster scan systems, random scan systems, graphics monitors and workstations. Scan conversion algorithms for line, dance orchestra and ellipse, Bresenhams algorithms, area filling techniques, character generation.Section III 2-dimensional Graphics Cartesian and Homogeneous order system, geometrical faultings (translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing), Two-dimensional viewing transformation and clipping (line, polygon and text). 3-dimensional Graphics Geometric transformations (translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing), Mathematics of popions (parallel & perspective). 3-D viewing transformations and clipping. BCA-504. subprogram RESEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each.Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper wi ll cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Origin & maturation of O. R. , Nature & Characteristics features of O. R. Models & Modeling in Operation Research. Methodology of O. R. , General methods for solving O. R. Models, O. R. & ending making, Application, Use & Limitations of O. R. Section II Linear Programming formulation, Graphical, Big MMethod & Simplex Method, threefoldity in L. P. Conversion of Primal to Dual only Transportation Problems Test for Optimality, rotting in Transportation Problems. Unbalanced Transportation, concession Problems, Traveling Salesman Problem. Section III finding Making Decision Making Environment, Decision under uncertainty, Decision under risk, Decision tree Analysis.Integer Programming and Dynamic Programming Concept and Advantages only. SEMESER -6 BCA-601 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Section I Introduction to AI Definitions, AI jobs, the underlying assumption, and AI techniques, Level of Model, Criteria for Success. Problems, Problem Space and Search defining the problem as a state space search, Production System, Problem Characteristics, Production System Characteristics, issues in design of search programs. Section II Knowledge Representation Issues representation and mapping, approaches to knowledge representation, issues in knowledge representation, the frame problem.Knowledge representation using predicate logic representing simple facts in logic, representing instance and is a relationships, resolution Section III lame - slot and -filler structures semantic nets, frames as sets and instances. Strong slot and filler structures Conceptual dependency, scripts, CYC. Natural language processing syntactic processing, seman tic analysis, discuss and pragmatic processing. BCA-602. HANDING OPERATING SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each.Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Handing romance NetWare Introduction, instauration, physical body, managing resources and users.Granting access rights to users. Handing windowpanes NT Server Planning Comparison of Microsoft OS (Windows 95, 98 NT workstation), Workgroups & Domains, choosi ng disk configuration, choosing Window NT protocols. Section II Installing & configuration Installing windows NT Server, Windows NT & registry, control panel, configuration protocols & bindings, network adapters, peripherals & devices, hard disk, printing & its client computer. Section III Managing resources Managing users & group account, policies & profiles, system form _or_ system of government with system policy editor, disk resources, working with windows NT, the resources, UNC.Connectivity Inter operating with NetWare, Configuring remote access service. BCA-603 . Software Lab X (Major Project Phase II) Continuation of Major Project started in V semester (Code Generation, system testing, Installation and operations & maintenance) BCA-607. Comprehensive Viva Voce Viva of Full syllabus studied under BCA course. Format of Project Report denomination Cover Certificate from organozation about your impediment (Project Duration) at that place and about entry o f work do under external guide at the place of training.Certificate from your guide about the submission of work done under his/her guidance, Internal Supervisor. Table of Contents, creep of the project (abstract of actual workdone). A brief overview of the organization (regarding function area, location, division in which you are working, turnover) Profile of problems assingned. Study of lively system, if any. System requirements Product Definition Problem Statement Function to be Provided affect Environment H/W, S/W.Solution schema Acceptance Criteria Feasibility Analysis Project Plan Team Structure Development Schedule Programming Languages And Development Tools System Requirement Specifications Developing / Operating / forethought Environments External Interface And Data Flows substance abuser display and report format, user command summary High level DFD and data dictionary Functional and performance specifications Design Detailed DFDs and structure di agrams Data structures, database and file specifications Pseudocode Test Plan Functional, Performance, underscore tests etc.Implementation / Conversion Plan Project legacy Current status of project stay areas of concern Technical and managerial lessons learnt upcoming recommendations Bibliography Source Code (if available) Note The preceding(prenominal) is meant to serve as a road map for preparation of your project report. You may add to, modify or omit some of the above-mentioned points depending upon their relevance to your project. You may as well as consult your internal supervisor for the same.