The Behavioral Health Care Systems - 2354 Words

Today, health care systems continue to face challenges when it comes to implementing mental health services, that can properly treat mental illnesses such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The structure of these systems that fail to integrate or prepare clinicians to work with both mental health cases, and basic health concerns impede with the potential of giving quality services overall. There is an immense need to incorporate an improved system that would better serve this client population. It is fundamental to introduce behavioral health reform within these health care systems that can pinpoint barriers that essentially create gaps in treatment for GAD. Recognizing these discrepancies can serve to explore alternative outlets that promote the necessary changes needed to ensure the availability of adequate help for their mental health condition. As we take into account the behavioral health services that are available to individuals who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder, particular attention should be given to the quality, and delivery of mental health services provided by primary care physicians/providers. The methods, and skills utilized by these practitioners should be highly considered, as they are key to the recovery of clients. Unfortunately, this is not the case for many primary care providers (PCP) who predominantly serve the GAD clientele. According to Posmontier, and Breiter (2012) primary care providers who try to administer mental health servicesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Behavioral Health Integration Advisory Committee Meeting934 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 14th, 2017, I attended the Behavioral Health Integration Advisory Committee Meeting. The main purpose of this committee is to discuss Nebraska’s care plan on how to properly deal with behavioral health institutions and what policies sho uld be implemented to behavioral health institutions in Nebraska. The selection of the committee is by election every 2 years. There are 14 voting members on the committee that are represented from all areas of behavioral health in Nebraska. My two objectivesRead MoreEssay On Behavioral Health Redesign1342 Words   |  6 PagesOhio Behavioral Health Redesign Annually half a million Ohioans Including children, working adults and seniors access mental health and addiction services through the state’s Medicaid program. (Wirtz, 2017) With the severe and pervasive opioid crisis and the rise in suicide Governor Kasich initiated comprehensive reforms to expand access to mental health and addiction treatment services in the State of Ohio. The actions taken during the Kasich Administration have stabilized the system and rebuiltRead MoreAn Integration Of Care Study1198 Words   |  5 PagesDescription of Setting An integration of care study was conducted by a Doctor of Behavioral Health Intern at Michael R. Zent (MRZ)Healthcare Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona. MRZ is a reverse co-located integrated medical and behavioral clinic that provides services to about 4000 children and 4000 adults annually. MRZ provides laboratory, pharmacy, behavioral and physical health services together under one roof. The clinic utilizes an integrated electronic health record to document the treatment of membersRead MoreValue Based Purchasing And Medical Home Models939 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess of comprehensive quality patient care that medical homes are able to deliver. The business model for hospitals require a movement of the organizational strategy, mission, and beliefs from the filling of bed behaviors as a means to gain profit and are now transitioning focus towards a cost-conserving shift as it involves the hospital s operations, finance, and corporate structure. Financing the medical home is a substanti al obstacle that primary care physician’s face and obtaining capitalRead MoreDescription Of Setting. A Study On Reverse Integrated Of1305 Words   |  6 PagesDescription of Setting A study on reverse integrated of care delivery system and challenges was conducted by a Doctor of Behavioral Health (DBH) Intern at Michael R. Zent (MRZ)Healthcare Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona. MRZ is a non-profit reverse integrated medical and behavioral clinic that provides services to about 4000 children and 4000 adults annually. MRZ employs 80 individuals, including 2 psychiatrists, 4 nurse practitioners, one primary care provider (PCP), four nurses, thirty therapists, threeRead MoreHealth Care Utilization1135 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Care Utilization Paper Option B Svetlana Leyzerov HCS/235 May 25, 2015 Hanna Matatyaho Health Care Utilization Paper Option B The Behavioral Model of Health Services utilization was developed by Ron Andersen in 1968, and subsequently refined with his colleagues over the years. It is the most widely adopted conceptual framework for studying the use of health services, especially with regard to determining whether or not access to and consumption of health services is fair. TheRead MoreFunding Health Care Services973 Words   |  4 PagesFunding Health Care Services Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Funding Health Care Services 1. How ambulatory services should be funded Ambulatory services consist of an array of healthcare services offered to inpatients overnight at healthcare organizations. Funding of ambulatory services should be done at urgent care, outpatient clinics, same day surgery, group practices, mental health clinics, community health care units, diagnostic centers, and emergency rooms. In order for ambulatoryRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Children1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Problem Young children experience mental health challenges that impact early learning, social interactions, and the overall well being of their families. It is estimated that between 9% and 14% of children from birth to 5 years of age experience social and emotional problems. These problems negatively impact and affect their functioning and development (Brauner, 2006). Children diagnosed with mental and behavioral health disorders are receiving too few therapeutic services. ThereforeRead MoreImproving The Quality Of The Care Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesFurthermore, improving the quality of the care that is received will be cost-effective in the long-term. Primary care physicians and educators can be further trained to recognize depression as well as any other mental health disorder. With early identification and referral for diagnosis, much of the later treatment can be avoided. Intervention for behavioral health occurs in four stages – detection, medication, counseling, and cont inuity of care. Currently, all four areas have a deficit. DetectionRead MoreHuman Resources Management Approach to Samhsa Strategic Initiatives1526 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is a part of the United States Department of Health Human Services and their mission is â€Å"to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America’s communities† (SAMHSA, 2014). SAMSHA was established in 1992 by congress in order to make the services and research of the agency more accessible. The agency provides behavioral health support services like prevention, treatment, and recovery

The Copperplate typeface is a typeface that all designers...

The Copperplate typeface is a typeface that all designers in the industry should learn and know about. At first glance the Copperplate typeface seems very common but if you look at it in depth you can see its many interesting characteristics. Back in the day this typeface was not so used as it is today, now we can see it representing many businesses and people are using it more and more. For various reasons some people like or dislike the Copperplate typeface. With more detailed information about this typeface that will be discussed in this essay you will be able to make your own decision and determine whether you like it or dislike it. The Copperplate typeface was given this name because in that time period (from 1530 to the 19th century)†¦show more content†¦A Linotype is a machine that was used back in the day to produce lines of words as single strips of metal and it was mainly used for newspapers. The Copperplate typeface has many elements from different sources. For ex ample, the typeface has a resemblance to stone carvings, lapidary engravings and classic roman typefaces. Frederic W. Goudy named this typeface Copperplate because from 1530 up to the 19th century copperplate engraving was a very popular technique to create illustrated material. Copperplate engraving consists of engraving or etching some type of design into a plate made of copper. He meant this typeface to be used by Linotype machines for the production of newspapers and many other types of printing and so it has AB and BC designations to help distinguish the difference between the capital letters and the small caps. It also has a numbering system that tells us the difference in weight and width of the typeface. The Copperplate typeface was first released by Goudy as a font family which contained many weights and variations. It was designed in all caps and small caps because it was meant to be used for headlines and header design, also for stationary and society printing. Copperplat e typeface imitates lapidary inscriptions, this is why it is categorized as a glyphic typeface. Another characteristic of glyphic typefaces is that the contrast of the stroke weight in a character is minimum and we can observe this in all the

Tears of a Tiger Free Essays

Tears of a Tiger by Sharon Draper Anthony Avila ENG 3 Honors Period 3 The novel Tears of a Tiger is about a high school student named Andy Jackson going through a life of pain and guilt. The story begins with a newspaper article on an accident that killed a basketball player named Robbie Washington. They were all coming from a party and they have been drinking. We will write a custom essay sample on Tears of a Tiger or any similar topic only for you Order Now Andy was driving the car and his three friends, Robbie, B. J, and Tyrone were the passengers. When the accident happened the Andy, B. J. and Tyrone all left the scene with minor injuries while Robbie was trapped in the back seat and the car was bursting in flames and he couldn’t get out. This image haunted Andy for the rest of his life. After the accident they return to school and they start to see a psychologist to get help. Also he starts dating a girl named Keisha who really helps him with the incident and keeps him from feeling guilty. They gave Andy the position of captain for the basketball team. Andy feels guilt due to the fact that Robbie was the old basketball captain and he’s taking his position. Andy’s grades begin to suffer and his mood becomes very odd. He cries uncontrollably and screams at people. Christmas time was a difficult time for Andy because in Christmas time he and Robbie used to go to the mall and play jokes with the Santa clause. Robbie’s mom always called Andy to tell him to come get his stone, referring to the presents that Santa leaves for bad children. The year Robbie death, Robbie’s mom didn’t call Andy because of the pain she felt of not having her son. B. J. and Tyrone moved on with their life and forgot about the accident but Andy is making everyone think that he has forgotten about the incident but the only one that truly knows his pain is his girlfriend Keisha. At the school talent show, Andy volunteered to be the MC and he looked in a good mood. Off stage Keisha and Andy get into a huge fight and they break up. He feels that his life can’t get any worse. After the break up, school scouts come to school to see Andy play basketball but he wasn’t there because he was skipping school. His report card was sent home and his dad saw that his grades were tremendously dropping. His dad talks to him how he has to move on with his life and he has to be successful in life. This gets gets Andy more depressed. He calls his psychologist but he was on a business trip. He tried to call the basketball coach and he didn’t receive an answer. He attempted to call his ex-girlfriend, Keisha, but her mom answered and cursed at him for calling in the middle of the night. Andy felt helpless. The next day, Andy skips schools and stays home. He feels that no one cares about him and takes his own life with his dads riffle. The Counselor makes the students write notes to Andy expressing their anger with Andy on taking his life. The story closes with Andy’s family saying goodbye at his gravesite. How to cite Tears of a Tiger, Papers Tears of a Tiger Free Essays Justin Evans Goodbye to love This song goes along with the mood of the story because it is a sad song about losing a loved one. In the story after Rob and Andy pass away their families were very sad about losing them. This was a major plot point in the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Tears of a Tiger or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eye of a Tiger Eye of a tiger relates to the story because Andy tells his brother multiple times in the story â€Å"it’s ok to put dragons in the jungle and tears on a tiger† the title of the story comes from this quote. Basketball The Theme of Tears of a tiger is basketball. This rising action of the story is when Andy, Rob, and 20B. J were celebrating after a huge win. Basketball by Lil Bow Wow I could imagine that this song is Robert Washington’s favorite song. The song talks about playing basketball. Rob always wanted to be on the court, or practicing his shot. That is why I think this song was Roberts’s favorite song. Heaven wasn’t so far away. After Andy and Rob died, their families wished they could see them again. In this song it talks about going to heaven for a day which is what they wanted to do Wish you were here In the climax of this story Rob Washington dies. The song wish you were here fits the mood of the story because everybody wishes Rob was there. Robs girlfriend wishes Roberts was back several times in the story. How to cite Tears of a Tiger, Papers

Successful Retail Innovation in Emerging Markets free essay sample

The Coca-Cola Retailing Research Council and Booz Allen Hamilton have jointly conducted a study aimed at understanding how successful innovation in retail translates into effective business. In this context, the study focused on understanding the role of consumers in leading innovation and also on characterizing and assessing successful cases, i. e. , cases of true consumer-centered innovation, originated in Latina America and successfully implemented. Whereas this study focused on the major Latin American markets, we believe its findings and conclusions might be applicable to other emerging markets and some rich countries with, low income consumers—eg: inmigrants Our research found that truly customer-centered, innovative retailers are characterized by the development of an offering which addresses an apparently impossible value equation. More specifically, true innovation caters to the aspirational needs of the emerging consumer. Successful retailers have built a sustainable business by meeting these consumers’ needs in a truly creative fashion. â€Å"About this Report† The objective of the study was to understand how successful innovation translates into effective, sustainable business for retailers. We will write a custom essay sample on Successful Retail Innovation in Emerging Markets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More specifically, the efforts focused on: †¢Identifying how innovation in retailing can drive leadership with consumers †¢Mapping the most common avenues to materialize innovation in different retail segments – with emphasis in format dimensions †¢Identifying the key pillars from which retail concepts are developed and understanding drivers of innovation success †¢Identifying and selecting innovative retailers in the region, and developing an in-depth understanding of each case.

Bless Me Ultima Snippet Jounal Essay Research free essay sample

Bless Me Ultima Snippet Jounal Essay, Research Paper Page 13 / Chapter 1 As Ultima walked past me I smelled for the first clip a hint of the sweet aroma of herbs that ever lingered in her aftermath. Many old ages subsequently, long after Ultima was gone and I had grown to be a adult male, I would rouse sometimes at dark and believe I caught a aroma of her aroma in the cool-night zephyr. This transition is Important to the novel because It proves in the really beginning of the book what an impact this character, Ultima, has had on Anthony s life. It lets the reader become cognizant of her actions and presence, early on. It is besides here that we get a first clip sense of a charming, animal scene. Page 15 / Chapter 2 I had been afraid of the atrocious presence of the river, which was the psyche of the river, but through her I had learned that my spirit shared in the spirit of all things. We will write a custom essay sample on Bless Me Ultima Snippet Jounal Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the artlessness, which our isolation sheltered, could non last everlastingly, and the personal businesss of the town began to make across our span and enter my life. Ultima s bird of Minerva gave the warning that the clip of peace on our hill was pulling to an terminal. Through out the novel, H2O is sin associated. Here is where it is foremost presented to us, and it leaves the reader with a bad vibration about the river. This is even before Antonio even learned about the fable of the Golden Carp and the wickednesss of the people sentenced to populate in the river everlastingly, therefore subsequently, this gives us a sense of supernatural power invested in Antonio. It besides foreshadows the coming events in the novel, and gives us a beautiful metaphor, the town personal businesss of the town began to make across our span and enter my life. It paints a image for us that all had been good and peaceable at Antonio s place, but the town had been corrupt for a period of clip now. A nd with Anthony go toing school and seeing more of the town on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing, it allows an increasing sum of wickedness to be seen, heard and Commiting. This is besides where we have the first glance of the supernatural power of Ultima s bird of Minerva. Through the novel it attempts to protect Anthony s household against evil Page 33 / Chapter 3 She laughed. I am get downing to understand why your female parent calls you the interrogator, she said. But I want to cognize, there are so many things I want to cognize, I insisted. A curandera can non give away her secrets, she said, but if a individual truly wants to cognize, so he will listen and see and be patient. Knowledge comes slowly- Here we are introduced to Anthony s speculative head as he matures. This is a trait that Anthony portrays for the most portion of the novel. This is besides what gets him in problem and causes his confusion with the three conflicting beliefs. He is eager to cognize EVERYTHING and asks many inquiries. Ultima s wisdom is besides shown here. She has a manner of speaking to Anthony that makes him understand and listen more carefully. And due to this, Anthony grows a close bond to her. Page 39 / Chapter 4 For Ultima, even the workss had a spirit, and before I dug she made me talk to the works and state it why we pulled it from it s place in the Earth. You that grow good here in the arroya nut the moistness of the river, we lift you to do good medical specialty, Ultima intoned quietly and I found myself reiterating after her. Anthony learns many things from Ultima, and most of import is the regard for ALL living things. When Anthony goes to roll up herbs with her, he is taught that he is taking a life, and that he must give thanks to the works s psyche. Page 50 / Chapter 5 Then the bird of Minerva cried ; it sang to the million starts that dotted the dark-blue sky, the Virgin s gown. All was watched over, all was cared for. I slept. Here the bird of Minerva is given a mention to the Virgin s gown ( the stars ) . Anthony associates this with Eden and hence the bird of Minerva is good if it is singing to God and heaven. His head is so at peace cognizing that Ultima s bird of Minerva is so in bend Good. Page 55 / Chapter 6 Once I did non do the mark of the cross on intent. I challenged the air current to strike me. The twister struck with such force that it knocked me off my pess and left me trembling on the land. I had neer felt such fright before, because as the whirlwind blew its dust around me the spurting air current seemed to name me name: Antoniooooooooooo Because of Anthony s speculative head, he offers to dispute God. When is struck by the whirlwind, he is scared and trembling, because he knows that he had sinned by doubting God, and he had merely been knocked on his butt to turn out it. Page 61 / Chapter 7 Give us your manus Sweet brother. Give us your salvaging manus. We are the giants who are deceasing We have seen th e land of the aureate carp Then there was a loud crashing of subdivisions behind me and I turned and saw the three dark figures looming over me. This transition is italicized because it is one of Anthony s dreams. In this dream the land of the aureate carp represents wickedness. They have seen it, so hence they have sinned. They reach out to Antonio in their effort to salvage themselves. They tell their brother that they are deceasing, and in that sense, they are speaking about their childhood artlessness within them. The loud clang in the background is most likely the universe around them falling apart. Anthony can merely hear it ; he is unable to see it. Then he turns to see his brother s around him looming over him. His brothers possibly dependent and eager for his aid. Page 67-68 / Chapter 8 I mean papa s dream about traveling to California, and mamma desiring us to settle along the valley- he said. They looked at each other anxiously. All their lives they had lived with the dre ams of their male parent and female parent stalking them, like they haunted me. With this chapter comes a spot of understanding. Anthony, we now see is non the lone kid torn between the Lunas and the Marez. It is of import that Anthony is non entirely in doing a determination between the two lives. Page 80 / Chapter 9 The Gods were really angry. They were traveling to kill all of the people for their wickedness. But one sort God who genuinely loved the people argued against it, and the other Gods were so moved by his love that they relented from killing the people. Alternatively, they turned the people into carp and made them live everlastingly in the Waterss of the river- This is when Anthony is foremost introduced into the fable of the aureate carp, a powerful and mystical narrative of the love of one God for his people. It s besides here that Anthony s belief is split in three ways. It s besides interesting that this can be translated into an event that happened early on in the n ovel. Let s state the many Gods of this narrative equal the people of the town. They were traveling to kill a adult male named Lupito for the wickednesss that he had committed. But one sort adult male, Narcissco who genuinely loved this adult male argued against it, but alternatively of turning them into carp, he was shot dead anyhow. Later, Narcissco would besides be killed and walk everlastingly with Lupito in the land of hereafter. Page 93 / Chapter 10 Give me your face, Ultima demanded. Have you non the strength to confront an old adult female? Why do you maintain your dorsum to me? The thin hunched organic structure jumped up and whirl around. I think I jumped at the sight of his face because you are a bruja! Ultima laughed. Ay Tenorio, she said, you are every bit ugly as your dark psyche. This is a singular event in the novel. I believe that Ultima brought Anthony along to face Tenorio to demo him that he need non be scared of this evil adult male. This transition shows the st rength and bravery of Ultima and her willingness to expose it to the full town. Anthony is taught an of import lesson here: that evil will neer predominate. Page 121 / Chapter 11 The Waterss are one Antonio. I looked into her bright clear eyes and understood her truth. You have been seeing merely parts, she finished, and non looking beyond into the great rhythm that binds us all. Then there was peace in my dreams, and I could rest. This is an highly of import transition in the novel. In Anthony s dream he is given the reply to his firing inquiry through the novel. Although he dose non look to recognize it until the terminal. The Virgin tells Anthony that he needs to step back and expression at the large image. It s about like a mosaic, if you are close to it it s merely fragments and colourss, to see the full image, you have to step back and truly look at it. Page 122 / Chapter 12 Ultima s remedy and the aureate carp occupied my ideas the remainder of the summer. I was turning up and altering. I had plentifulness of clip to be by myself and to believe and experience the charming these events contained. Again we are given the charming feel to the scene. Here we see growing and with growing ever comes some sort of cognition. His funny head still admirations, but now with a spot less urgency, as we can see. Page 141 / Chapter 13 There the emanation stepped and waited for the priest to look. When he came out of the church Tenorio spoke to him and the priest answered. He held his weaponries out as if to exclude entryway to the church and nodded his caput. He was declining the mass for the dead and holy entombment in the campo santo. The air grew tense. There was no stating what Tenorio would make at this abuse ; everyone knew he was brainsick plenty to assail the priest. We get a good feel here for what type of individual Tenorio is, and how the town perceives him. Anthony knows now that Tenorio is genuinely evil if he is non even allow into holy evidences. Tenorio is established here bad, and for Anthony it is of import because everything must be really black and white at this point. Page 176 / Chapter 14 In the lake the aureate carpe appeared He and been witness to everything that happened, and he decided that everyone should last, but in new signifier. He opened his immense oral cavity and swallowed everything, everything that was, good and evil. Then he swam into the bluish velvet of the d ark, glistening as he rose towards the stars. The Moon smiled on him and guided him, and his aureate organic structure burned with such beautiful glare that he became a new Sun in the celestial spheres. A new Sun to reflect it s good visible radiation upon a new Earth. In this dream, it represents Anthony s desire for a new start, a metempsychosis. This manner he knows precisely what is what, since good and immoralities have started to unify overtime. A metempsychosis means that everything is good one time once more and there is no evil. Page 179 / Chapter 15 Just believe Antonio, for the first clip you will keep God in your oral cavity, in your organic structure, in your soul-you will talk to Him, and He will answer- she said to me. And she smiled, and there were cryings in her eyes. Then I will hold the cognition of God? I asked. Yes, she sighed I hope you will utilize your cognition to transport out God s will. We see that Anthony s female parent is still forcing for him to go a Luna, and we get a opportunity to see precisely what sort of methods she uses to carry him in this way. The sigh adds a kind of guilt-trip laid on him, and it makes Anthony feels bad, because his other brother s are considered Marezs, he is her last hope. Page187 / Chapter 16 I would look really hard at the ruddy communion table tapers firing before her pess so I would bow my caput and close my eyes and imagine that I saw her bend to God and state Him precisely what I has asked. And the Lord would agitate His caput and reply, the male child is non yet ready to understand. Anthony possibly makes up a ground that he is non acquiring replies to his many inquiries about life and decease here. But if applied the reply is most true. Anthony is still immature with many inquiries to be asked, but he still has non come to truly listen for the replies ( many of which lye around him ) , therefore in this sense he is non yet ready to understand either. Page 196 / Chapter 17 So I ask myself, he continued, how can God allow this go on to a child. I neer asked to be born. But he gives me birth, a psyche, and puts me here to penalize me. Why? What did I of all time do to Him to merit this, huh? Florence, being one of the lone friends Anthony has that dosage non believe in God brings forth these inquiries, and seeks Anthony for and reply, but the truth is, he can happen no existent ground God would penalize person with out good cause. He doesn t understand why God lets evil exist. Page 209 / Chapter 18 Tony is the priest, Tony is the Priest, yah-yah-yah-yah! They sang and danced around me I grew dizzy. The weight of the jackets on me was heavy and smothering. All right! I cried to pacify them, I shall be your Priest! This transition is a metaphor for the force per unit area Anthony feels from his parents. He feels as though he is being weighed down and he feels if he dose what is wanted of him, possibly he won t suffocate any longer. It s interesting that the writer uses the w ord appease alternatively of the usual please in this transition, because appease is the base word for calming, which is normally used in mention to avoiding war. Page 221 / Chapter 19 I closed my eyes and concentrated. I have merely swallowed Him. He must be in at that place! For a minute, on the communion table railing, I thought I had felt his heat, but so everything moved so fast. There wasn T clip merely to sit and detect Him, like I could make when I sat on the creek bank and watched the aureate carp swim in the sun-filtered Waterss. This transition is of import because it shows how na ve Anthony still seems to be, but at the same times shows that that childhood artlessness still resides within him. Unlike that of his brothers who have seemed to hold stopped believing. Page 228 / Chapter 20 And there is no beauty like this Earth, Ultima said. They looked at each other and smiled, and I realized that from these two people I had learned to love the charming beauty of the broad, free Earth. From my female parent I had learned that adult male is of the Earth, that his clay pess are portion of the land that nourishes him, and that it is this inextricable mixture that gives adult male his step of safety and security But from my male parent and Ultima I had learned that the greater immortality is in the freedom of adult male, and that freedom is best nourished by the baronial sweep of land and air and pure, white sky. Here Anthony seems to take into perspective the best of both universes. On his portion this dosage demo some growing. He understands how his female parent and male parent both think and is now seeking to entwine them. This is of import because this is one of the lone times in the novel when Anthony speaks of the two sides compromisingly. Page 237 Chapter 21 You have to take, Tony, Cico said, you have to take between the God of the church, or the beauty that is here and now- He pointed and I looked into the dark clear H2O of the brook. Two brown ca rp swam from under the brush into the unfastened. Again Anthony feels pressured to take and is relapsed into that phase of division. He finds the aureate carp narrative easier to believe in here, since there is physical cogent evidence that lays before him, where in, Ultima s power and Catholicism relies on largely faith. The two brown carp coming out of the brush could be a metaphor for Tony coming out of the dark and into the visible radiation at this point of the novel. Page 260 / Chapter 22 My work was to make good, she continued, I was to mend the ill and demo them the way of goodness. But I was non to interfere with the fate of any adult male. Those who wallow in immorality and brujeria can non understand this. They create a inharmoniousness that in the terminal reaches out and destruct life- Here is the point where Anthony comes to recognize that it is non the beliefs that he needs to take between, it is the way of good and evil. And because he believes in the goodness of peo ple, he besides believes in Ultima, his female parent and Cico s narrative of the aureate carp. There is an apprehension because he sees the whole image. Snippet Jounal Cassandra Castillo

Characterization of The Grandmother and the Misfit in A Good Man is Hard to Find essays

Characterization of The Grandmother and the Misfit in A Good Man is Hard to Find essays The Characterization of the Grandmother and the Misfit In the first paragraph of Flannery OConnors short story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find, the grandmother is introduced trying to change a planned family trip to Florida with her son, Bailey and his family. It is the night before the trip, and grandmother is seizing at every chance to change Baileys mind. (p.465). The grandmother is the central character of the story, and the family is rather a bland, generic family. The children are portrayed as disrespectful brats, but are a humorous aspect to the story. The family is a typical nuclear family of the fifties, who appear to be disconnected not only to each other, but also to any form of family values. In the first paragraph, grandmother introduces us to the character, the Misfit, as she reads from the newspaper, Here is this fellow that calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal pen and headed toward Florida. She is trying to manipulate the plans of the trip by pointing this out to her son, Bailey. Bailey didnt look up from his reading so she wheeled around then and faced the childrens mother,. This is the first introduction to the mother in the story, who appears throughout the story to be indifferent to everything going on around her. She does however get a reaction from the children, June Star and John Wesley, as they challenge her to stay home if she wants to. The childrens disregard to their grandmothers feelings is ignored by both of the parents, and allows a glimpse of the grandmothers point of view. The first hint of unsettling just below the surface of this story, is when grandmother is the first one in the car the next morning, wearing what seems to be her best clothing. the grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white viole...

BHS 328 - Team Building (Mod 3 SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BHS 328 - Team Building (Mod 3 SLP) - Essay Example Goal setting is the most important component of Personal improvement literature. To be most successful goals that are being set should be realistic, tangible, specific, and have a time target for achievement. There should be sensible plans to attain an intended goal. One drawback of goal setting is that implicit knowledge may be subdued and inhibited. This is due to the fact that goal setting may support simple targets and focus on a result without openness to examination, understanding or expansion. Goals offer a sense of track and principle. Locke et al studied the behavioral effects of goal setting in great depth and concluded that 90% of laboratory and field studies linking explicit and challenging goals resulted in higher performance than simple or no goals. Some managers would believe it is adequate to push the employees to do their best, but in reality it is a very different scenario. A goal is thereby of critical importance because it facilitates an individual in focusing the ir efforts in a particular direction. Managers can not be regularly able to force motivation and keep trail of an employee’s work on an incessant basis. Goals are hence a very important tool for managers since they have the ability to act as a self-regulatory and self-checking mechanism that acquires an employee a positive quantity of assistance Strategic planning is basically an organizations procedure of specifying its strategy, or target, and making decisions on allocating its resources to track this strategy, including its capital and people. Strategic planning is essential to run a business successfully I would surely implement Strategic Planning as it would not only improve the overall employee performance and the motivation level but also boost up the productivity of my team. It is also very correct that strategic planning may be handy for effectively plotting the course of a company;

Choose from the book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose from the book - Essay Example The collapse of the banks reduced bank loans leading to less expenditure than initial. The crash of the stock markets reduced the spending capability of individuals through fear of further economic woes. Unemployment and job losses led to a reduction of the purchasing power. Purchasing power is defined as the ability of the society to purchase goods and services. Increased purchases indicate the power of the society and improved welfare while reduced purchases indicate an ailing economy that needs intervention and support. The reduction of purchasing power of the economy at the time was an indication of the reduction of income earning and creation in the country. The situation was made worse with the inability of the banks to offer loans that could improve the purchasing power. The failure to offer loans to the citizens also indicated the situation of the banks in terms of financial strengths. Later, several banks collapsed and with the collapse came massive losses to the citizens th rough loss of savings and investments. The situation was so dire that banks' lost public confidence leading to the creation of the FDIC to offer support and security for individual savings. With such massive issues, the financial sector of the country was in shambles leading to the failure of the whole economy called the great depression. In addition, American economic policy changes as a result of the ailing economy. The government created the Smooth-Hawley Tariff to protect the American companies. The policy charged high tax for imports reducing the amount of trade between America and the rest of the world. The Smooth-Hawley Tariff protected the country production companies from competition. However, the mode of protection led to the isolation of the country because International Corporation could not venture into the country due to the expensive nature of business operations. Drought was an indirect facilitator of the economic problems witnessed in the country. The serious drough t occurred in the Mississippi valley, in 1930, leading to the sale of farm lands in order to remain afloat (Foner 90). While not affecting the economy directly, it helped in the shaping of the economic perspective of the country, to create a financial problem in the area. The drought did not have a massive influence on the economy but helped facilitate the already worse economy to decline. The role of Franklin Roosevelt in economy improvement After the depression witnessed the country struggled to recover from the failure with minimal success until the election of Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt enacted several Legislations through congress in a bid to help industrial and economic recovery. The creation of the National Recovery Administration was to foster operation between the government, business and labor in order to achieve success. During the first hundred days of his tenure, he instigated changes in the political leadership to solve the banking crisis with the main focus of the change to restore and not offer drastic change in the economy. The job losses and unemployment witnessed after the great depression had affected the lives of the citizens (Foner 121). In order to assist, the president instigated relief programs to support provision of basic needs to families and also help in spurring the economy. The relief programs helped to reduce starving of the citizens

History of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Advertising - Essay Example The very first form of advertising that dates back to 3000 B.C was outdoor display of Signs. Then advertising was done in the form of Word-of-mouth or were done vocally. The graphical forms of advertising then came including the paper ads, print ads, and newspaper ads. The very first form of advertising was through signs. The signs that were painted and displayed on the walls of the buildings in the ancient Rome and Pompeii were the very first forms of advertising [5]. These signs were ads about any property for rent or the ads were to attract the travelers of one town to the taverns in the same or some other town. These signs also consisted of the any matches, for example circus matches [2] that needed to be advertised. Next, the advertising took the vocal form of word-of-mouth or street or town cries [5]. These street criers used to read public notices aloud or praised the products aloud for their advertising. These kinds of advertisements also included the announcements for the sales of any cattle and slaves [2]. These town criers were the predecessors of the announcers of the later radio and TV ads. Then the newspapers came in the seventeenth century. The newspaper ads initially included short ads of product descriptions and prices [1]. The color and headlines and all the complementary stuff came later. The first newspaper was printed in England by the name of "Weekly News" in 1622 [2]. The magazine ads then followed. When the company's' name emerged in the advertisements, the emergence of brand name in the history of advertising took place. In the 1700s pasted-up notices, brochures and posters came into existence [2] and a lot of advertising through posters began. These then lead to the billboards. In the 1800s, printed media ads arrived [3]. This was the time when advertising through billboards started and started to be used abundantly. A movable type printing press was invented by a German printer Johannes Gutenberg which made the distribution of posters possible [5]. After the emergence of radio, long time later, advertising through radio started. Then advertising through video and TV advertisements also started after the invention of TV, later in the 19th century TV advertisements started to come on TV and gained a lot of popularity among all other forms of advertising. Producing a Successful TV Advertisement Producing a successful TV advertisement requires some important steps and factors that need to be checked and need to be kept in mind. These are as stated as under: 1. The target audience [6] and the budget should be planned and kept in mind. Before making an ad you should know it very well that for whom are you making the ad and what are the needs and requirements of the customers. It is also important to know what financial standing or budget you need in order to deliver the target audience that is intended. 2. A well-conceived plan needs to be made that should cover the budget and all the necessary steps that are needed. The plan for advertising is really important as it is the basis on which you continue with your ad and also the success or failure of the ad depends on how appropriate is the advertising plan. 3. It is important to include in your TV advertisement the company's brand and the company's overall business objectives

Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival

Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival The major share of the UK Clothing market is Womens, girls and childrens making up 68% of the total market. The increase in working women might have been expected to cause an upsurge in demand for smart clothing, but a major feature of the market has been a trend towards short dressing. Which targets the 18 to 25 year old market, has accepted the trend and recently recorded a pre-tax profit margin almost four times that of the industry average. Consumers are now tending towards the budget end of the market, which is targeted by companies such as Primark, Peacocks, Next, and Matalan, or the designer, premium-priced extreme (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Selection of Organisation: This assignment completely deals with the changes in an organisation due to technology and what innovation has been made by the organisation to improve its profitability. Here information technology has taken as important tool of technology. This attempt aims to discuss the influence of IT systems that changes the organisation profitability and the whole structure. In the U.K fashion industry, it is the necessity to identify the market trends and respond immediately to the trends (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Discount chains Next, Peacocks and Primark stores which are going to expand rapidly in this fashion trend accordingly. In the retail fashion industry like M S, Next, Top shop, Matalan etc. through a long period when they have been able to rely solely on declining prices to drive sales upwards. However, with the falling pound value and rising overseas sourcing costs, competing on price is going to become increasingly difficult for them (Fashion Retail Service, 21-May-2009). Why Primark? Look Good Pay Less The current credit crunch hit not only the UK Economy but the whole world Economy. If we look on the current UK clothing retail industry, we shall find out majority of companies are struggling for their survival. There is a few success stories in the current period of time regarding businesses, Primark is one of the company. Associated British Foods the owner of Primark have revealed that sales at Primark rose 18% in the 16 weeks to January 3, 2009 which helped by an increase in selling space and very good like-for-like sales growth. Primarks performance compares favourably with rival Marks Spencer, which reported an 8.9% fall in general sales for its third quarter. The business of Primark, which has 141 stores in UK whereas 200 in whole Europe, saw a  £122 million rise in profits while like-for-like sales increased by 5%. The Primark retailer store is looking to open another seven stores during their second half of this year (Metro Thursday, January 15, 2010). Associated British Foods, the owner of Primark, has beaten expectations with half-year profits of  £275 million, which was helped by a leap in earnings of 10% at the discount clothing retailer. The results represent a 2% dip in profits for Associated British Foods. However, they were higher than the  £262 million consensus estimate (Primark website, 10 August 2010). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Innovation is essential for the life of an organization. The organisations who want to survive in this competitive era need to make innovation in response to the external environment as well as its internal environment. According to Kotter no business can survive over the long term if it cannot reinvent itself (Kotter, 2004). It is an era of technology and information. The rapid development in technology has changed the attitude of the people and the nature of business as well. In this technological era the process of change is very fast and rapid responsive. Technology boosts the process and made different type of innovation. Primark is the one of the organization who understands the importance of technology and innovation process. Primark is the discount cloth retailer working from 41 years. Primark is the fast and affordable fashion idea. The changes has taken by Primark has significant impacts on company performance and profitability. Primark improves his ordering and logistic system which helps to cut down the over head cost. Primark introduce new operational strategy, the company reduces the timing of waiting customer in queues. These changes help to create the value services to customers. Product innovation and improvement, new design, and better customer services are the key points of customer retain and attract new customers are main focus of company. To find out all the valuable information I go throw with primary research. I arrange interviews with Primark management arrange group decisions on Facebook.com and visit the Primark store as well. Academic literature is provided; company analysis, SWOT, recommendation, and conclusion are the key point of this assignment. ACADEMIC LITERATURE Why Innovation? Innovation brings changes in the organisation structure and makes a rise in profitability. Primark is an organisation which dealing with customers in clothing industry and have big set up to manage it. Product life cycle shows the Primark through its stages. http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ Product life cycle shows the four stages of the organisation, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. The organisation was at growth stage when the innovation is being done. Innovation brings changes in the whole set up of the organisation. Innovation: Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that can be completely new or an enhancement to something that already exist, it is referencing perspective that will challenge many who just can not see beyond what their own experience is telling them to think or do. Ettlie j., (2006) According to Tidd, J, (2009) innovation is something new that adds value; creativity is something new. Innovation is a change in the thought process for doing something, or the useful application of new inventions or discoveries. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation According to Michael Neito Lewin has three stages model of change theory, first stage is unfreezing that is the organization away from its current position. Once employee recognize and accept it the second stage where changing can begin. The third stage where change is established in organization, its mean refreezing takes place. Employees tasks and structure and socio technical theory a more frequent (Michael. Neito, 2006). The need for Innovation/Change in the UK clothing industry is a given fact that goes hand in hand with the need for improvement and innovation  [1]  (Barrie. L, 2001). Benefits of Innovation There are many benefits of innovation to the organization. The innovation must increase value of the organisaton and customer value. The goal of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better. Innovation leads to rise in production which means increase in profit. Following are the main benefits of innovation. Creates new industries Maximize productivity and economic growth Fuels wealth creation and profits Generates high-value, higher-paying jobs Raises standard of living 3. Types of innovation Types of Innovation can be classified as under Product and services: the innovation that applied to products and services or market related activities are called products and services innovation. Operational: Innovation that improves the effectiveness and efficiency of core processes and functions of the organisation is called operational innovation. Business model: Innovation that basically transforms the business upwards and provides a better way to work or derives revenue up is called business model innovation. Partnership innovation: Partner innovation mean two businesses or firms get together to make innovation. There may be Government and private partnership innovation for favour of public. Link, (2006) Portfolio innovation: The key to choosing products that contributes to profitability lies in changing the business focus of portfolio management from financial matter to customer value. Mello, et al (2006) Primark has selected operational innovation to up grade the whole infrastructure of the organisation for the favour of organisation and for the favour of its valuable customer. The organisation selects the operational innovation to avoid customers standing long time in queue and for better customer services. Role of Manager in Innovation Managers are either incapable of or somehow exempt from, innovation. Role of manager in the process of innovation is very important. Manager should consider all the aspects regarding innovation in the organisation. According to Roger Bean and Russell Radford there are several points that related to nurturing and fostering innovation that are worthy of more attention to manager. Following are the points that a manager must capable. Personal understanding of the process of innovation Continuous learning and study Curiosity Openness Leadership Focus on strategic issues rather than operational tasks (Roger Bean and Russell Radford, 2002) System development and organizational change: Jon Turner Kenneth Laudon claiming that information system is an opportunistic component. Largely IT systems provided faster and accuracy results in the process of communication. It took the firms to gain competitive advantage in the firms value chain and opportunities  (Jon. Turner Kenneth. Laudon, 1988). Information technology can promote various important organizational change, ranging from incremental to far, reaching like structural organization change that are enabled by information technology: 1) Automation 2) Rationalization 3) Reengineering 4) Paradigm shifts (Kenneth. Laudon and Jane. Laudon, 2009). Innovative Organisation: The organisatiion need to take certain steps to become innovative organisation. Some important steps that should take the organisation are following. (Ettlie, J. 2006) Create strategic vision Create organisation structures that promote collaboration Establish processes to convert ideas into innovations Allocate resources Train workforce on creativity tools Measure and communicate results Recognise creative behaviour Reward innovation results Operations Management: Every time businesses are looking for new and improve methods to improve the efficiency of their operations to achieve higher profitability. Information systems and technologies are some of the most important methods available to managers for achieving high levels of efficiency and productivity (Jane. Laudon and Kenneth. Laudon, 2008). The concept of off shore business and outsourcing has taken a huge advantage for firms to play globally irrespective of its place consideration (Kshetri. Nir, 2007). Operation Productivity: Many retailers have improved their operations productivity through computerisation checkouts, the electronic point of sale system and scanning formats. They use this system to process transactions and monitor inventory efficiently. Computerised registers instantly record and display sales provide detailed receipts and store inventory data. This system lowers costs by reducing transaction time, employee training and the need for item pricing (Barry. Berman and Joel. Evans, 2006). Firms increased its productivity and flexibility with use of IT. But increased cost in installations and maintenance resulted (Olson. Margrethe, 1993). Supply Chain Management: The supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, to fulfil the requirement of customer. These supply chain includes not only the manufacturers and suppliers but also the transporters, warehouses, retailers and even customers themselves, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and full filling the customer request (Sunil. Chopra and Peter. Meindl, 2007). It is clear that it is very important for some level of co-ordination for some level of activities and processes within and between the organisations in the supply chain that extends beyond logistics and this is called Supply chain management (Cooper. C., Lambert. D, and Pagh. D, 1997). The management of upstream and downstream relationship with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as the whole (Douglas. Lambert, 2008). Total Quality Management: Total quality management mean continuous improvement in the business, it is a philosophy for running a business, manage the business right way, total people empowerment, mainly a focus on the customer, a commitment to quality and investment in knowledge (Cali, J.F, 1992). Total Quality Management is considered to be more incremental than business process re-engineering. TQM typically focuses on continuous improve and change rather than stay just in one change (Kenneth. L and Jane. L, 2006). How information systems support quality improvements? By Mithas, Krishnan, Fornell, the Service industries are performed better with customers than manufacturing industries. Information affects the products quality and its value. With that the research outlined market value of firms are increased for the firms using IT in its core business operations  (Fornell. S, and Mithas. S, 2005). The study found that the new theory evolved in fashion industry due to IT in place. It changed the force of influence and fashion dimension in respect to the type of business (Lee. Jintae and Collar. Emilio, 2002). New Products: The products are serviced is the principle component of marketing as it provides revenue without which commercial activity could not take place. The following are the products used in marketing: Innovative products are completely new to the market. Replacement products might include renowned items with a new design and functions. Imitative products are common and are termed as Me Too products. Re-Launched products occurs when an original product had been declined but the company expects sufficient potential sale if product is altered through manipulating the marketing mix (Geoff. Lancaster and Paul. Reynolds, 2004). New Product success: most established companies focus on incremental innovation can allow companies to enter new markets by adapting existing market offerings for new customers. Seven notion of innovation: See the future through the eyes of yours customer Intellectual property and brand power are key assets. Use digital technology to create tools for customers. Build a championship team, not a group of championship. Innovation is a state of mind Speed is critical so push your organisation Partner up if you are not the best in something (Philip. Kotler, 2009) Technological change and new product development: There are important aspects regarding the impact of the pace of technological change and new product development. The first one in many industries life cycle is shorting. This then creates vicious circle in as much as the marketer must increasingly be looking for new products to replace the outdated ones. Second consequence of the increased pace of technological change is that there is now a premium on being able to develop and launch new products quickly (Geoff. Lancaster., Lester. Massingham Ruth. Ashfor, 2002). Lot of new concepts of business like e-commerce introduced and benefited to firms. It varied firms performance and keeping more available options to function and to develop its operations (Koellinger. P, 2008). ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS By primary research In terms of find out thats what changes has been made in Primark organization, I go through with primary research .I go through with managerial interviews from the Primark FALG SHIP store at oxford street London. I arrange group discussions on www.facebook.com to get the customer view that, are the customer are getting the results in the result of the company efforts. I met the store manager INA RANKIN and Dept. store manager MIA RAJ to find out recent innovation made by the company that influenced by technology. I done long time interview to collect valuable information and then elaborate in this assignment. (See appendices 1 for detail inerview) In the result of the interview we found some of the very significant changes that made by Primark and we point out below. New ordering and distribution system: Quality improvement. New Product Line. Cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations. Return and exchange policy. Digital administration system  [2]  . Reduction in customers queue  [3]   Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT  [4]  . Now I will have a look on each change in a little bit detail Quality improvement: Company constantly improving his quality of product and fitting to give the customer real satisfaction and value for money and the company always introduce new and improve technology in the manufacturing process. New Product Line: Primark introducing hundreds of new product lines every week to deliver up to date fashion regarding the customer needs and demand, when a new fashion introduce in the market its only take six weeks to come in company stores and it because of the advance and improve technological innovation. Primark introduced new product range as well like Denim Co, Butler and Webb range, Rebel, Early days and Backswing. Cut the cost of packing: Primark believes to deliver good quality products on affordable price, so company always try to find out new ways to minimize the price. In these days company made a strategy that to cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations: All the stores of Primark having a huge amount of customers every time and the pressure on the tilling was too much excessive, to reduce the customer check out time in long queues Primark installing more tills in every store, it helps the Primark to improve customer services and profitability as well. Return and Exchange Policy: Primark recently change its return and exchange policy. Prior if you want to return or exchange a product you could do only in same country with in 14 days but now you can return or exchange within 28 days and whichever country you want where company stores exist. Digital administration system: The Digital Administrative Management system (DAD) with Business Collaborators management solution providers has introduced to control of large information at one time and eliminated paper plans decreased admin costs by 50 percent as well as reduced confusion with overloading emails. Specifically it is supported to new store development functions. Good communication flow has been taking place with the system to control the information in an efficient way. Reduction in customers queue: An electronic call forward system is adopted to improve customer transaction times and minimise queuing at Primark. Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT In the past years, Primark is largely criticised in its gap in ethical trading systems with suppliers who are employing illegal migrant workers. Now new software having a tool Entropy will look the global suppliers to check the mandatory code of conduct of suppliers. Entropy is a web based supply chain audit systems, the remedial actions and quality of working environments can be checked. This is entirely a global system has its visibility and tools of greater control. Business Methodology of Primark Primark is the one of the largest company in UK related to ready mad garments, following are the business points of business methodology. Push urgency up: push up all the resources and skills for enhancement of quality in the field of garments industry using the high skilled and motivated team. Adaptation of new technology for control management process and ETI are significant practical way of getting in, with new information technology as Laudon and laudon 2008. New ordering system is a good example of JIT and Supply chain management. Primark all the time follow high moral and ethic values to serve customers and all member of organization. Its possible when customers happy and beneficial parallel with company in the industry. Interdicting new product lines, improvement of products quality, improving of operations management all are very relevant to TQM and Retail management theories. Primark has philosophy to provide facility of margin, benefits regarding price vice, quality vice, designing services and as well as with employees satisfaction, production, sale, logistic management and innovation for reducing cost and better management. Recommendations Primark should introduce online trading/purchasing. These will help them to increase their revenues, generate more profits and create customer value. It will also help them to become number one Retail firm in the UK. Primark should try to eliminate the perception of low quality from the Customers mind by introducing new products and offering a better quality and keeping the same price range. Primark should expand their business in developing countries. Primark should concentrate on Ethical trading where suppliers are employing unskilled labours to manufacture the clothing and are also offering them low pay scale which in turn is affecting the reputation of the Company. Primark should serve customers of all age groups and not just youngsters. Conclusion In this current credit crunch period where most of the companies are going to close down and some of them are struggling for their survival, Primark is the only organisation who is doing considerably well in this recession time. The only reason is that they are doing well is because they have understood the concept of innovation and change management. Innovation is very important for the organisation but people are scared to adapt and put themselves in innovation process as they dont know whether innovation will be good or bad for them or for their organisation. Primark has adapted to change and innovation has introduced various systems to operate their work efficiently and effectively. They are also opening new stores which are more spacious than before. The reason for their success is innovation. Innovation in Technology management and organisation plays a very important role in todays world of science.   References Albert N. (2006), Public Private Partnership Innovation Strategies and Policy Alternatives. USA: Spring Science + Business Media. Berman, B. and Evans, J. (2006) Retail Management a strategic approach. 10th ed., US, Pearson Prentice Hall. Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2007) Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., USA: Pearson Education. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, M.D., Pagh, J.D., The International journal of logistics and Management, 1997, Volume-8, Page-1-14) Ettlie, J., (2006) Managing Innovation, 2nd , Butter worth-Heinemann Elsevier Fornell,C.,Krishnan,M.S.,and Mithas,S., Effect on Information Technology investments on Customer Satisfaction:Theory and Evidence,Ross school of Business Working Paper Series,Working Paper No.971,June 2005,pp 25-28 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2237685/primark-turns-manage-ethical [Accessed 12 August 2010] http://www.groupbc.com/clients/cases/Primark_Factsheet.pdf [Accessed 13 August 2010] http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ [Accessed 20 August 2010] Huber, G.P. Glick, W.H. (1995) Organisational change and redesign. 1st ed., US: Oxford University Press. Koellinger, P., (May, 2008) The Relationship between Technology, Innovation, and Firm Performance, Empirical Evidence on E-Business in Europe, ERIM Report Series Reference No.2008-031 Kotler, P. (2009) Marketing Management. London: Prentice Hall. Kotter, J. P. and Cohen, D. S. (2002) The heart of change. USA: Harvard Business Press. Kshetri, Nir,Institutional Factors Affecting Offshore Business Process and Information Technology Outsourcing, Journal of International Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2007. Lambert, D. M. (2008), Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., Pearson Education. Lancaster G. and Reynolds P., (2004) Marketing. Wales UK, Palgrave Macmillan. Lancaster G., Massingham L. and Ashford R., (2002) Essentials of Marketing. 4th ed., London, McGraw-Hill. Laudon, J. and Laudon, K., (2008) Essentials of Management Information systems. 8th ed., Pearson Education. Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P. (2009) Management Information Systems. 11th ed., USA: Pearson Education. Lee, Jintae and Collar,Emilio, Information Technology Fashions(June 2002), MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4251-02,CCS No. 219 Mello et al (2006), Value Innovation Portfolio Management. Lauderdale, J. Ross Publishing. Nieto, M. (2006) An introduction to Human Resource Management. England: Palgrave Macmillan. Roger B. and Russel R. [2002], Innovative Leader. Managing Innovation by Managers, 11(5) Turner,J.,Laudon,Kenneth, Inforamtion technology and management strategy, NYU Working Paper No.IS-88-26,Feb 1988 www.bnet.com [Accessed on 12 August, 2010] www.Fashion.infomat [Accessed 15 August 2010]

In a Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift, the main objective was to draw :: English Literature

In a Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift, the main objective was to draw attention to the plight of the Irish people and motiva In a Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift, the main objective was to draw attention to the downfall of the Irish people and motivate readers to find a workable solution. Unlike most essays, this is written for the reader to see through what the narrator is expressing. Swift shows the readers his proposal mainly through irony. Irony can be defined as expressing the opposite of what is meant. This is a great technique of the sense of humor and sarcasm used in the proposal and in Swift. One of the voices that are present throughout the story is that of irony. The story itself is ironic since no one can take Swift’s proposal seriously. This irony is clearly demonstrated at the end of the story; Swift makes it clear that this proposal would not affect him since his children were grown and his wife unable to have any more children. It is a great contradiction and absurdity that a husband and father propose the idea of cannibalism. The narrator does not want the reader to agree that the solution to overpopulation and poverty in Ireland is to eat babies; he wants the reader to see there needs to be a practical solution. Although something seems one way to the narrator, Jonathan Swift wants the reader to see it in an opposite light. Swift's opposition is indirectly presented. The author uses satire to accomplish his objective not only because he is able to conceal his true identity but also because it is the most effective way to awake the people of Ireland into seeing their own deprivation. Firstly, the narrative voice begins the essay by describing the horrible conditions in which the Irish peasants are living. He demonstrates there is a serious problem with a great need for a solution. He then suggests a solution and then lists a whole list of advantages. His proposal of eating the Irish babies is followed by advantages such as "by the sale of their children, [the parents would] be rid of the charge of maintaining them after the first year". To a poverty stricken person this would take a huge load off of their shoulders by not having to raise a child, while at the same time making money off of them to better support themselves and lifestyle. â€Å"I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the kitchen† is a quote that shows a

American Women in the 19th vs 20th Century Essay

For many of the American history, women were not considered equal to men and were denied equality in many areas in life. In the 19th century women had no legal identity, apart from their husband. Married women could not hold property in their own names, make contracts, sit on a jury, write a will, or vote. Nor did women have the same opportunities for education and careers that men had. Yet, many women found ways to show their intelligence, courage, and leadership. In the 20th century, women in most states won the right to vote and increased their education and job opportunities. Since early 19th century women have been underestimated by men. Women were longed considered weaker than men. They were unable to perform work requiring muscular or intellectual development. A lower-class woman job included working for higher class families doing household duties, such as cleaning and cooking. Unable to afford help in the house they were responsible of their household duties. Traditionally, a middle-class girl would tend to learn from her mother’s examples. Cooking, cleaning, and caring for children was the behavior expected of her when she grew up. A lot was expected from these women, and they were often tired and sick. An upper-class married woman, after having everything as a child, is to be responsible of her own household and slave plantation. Different from the lower-class, the upper-class could afford a slave that was needed to help with house duties. â€Å"Upper-class women responsibilities involved; running a slave plantation, being a nurse to the slaves, making the slaves clothes, overseeing the food preparation, and supervising the work plans. †(Women in 19th) Most women were excluded from most jobs. The 20th century produced dramatic changes and opportunities for women. The success of many manufacturing wholesale trade, banking, and services depended on women and grew rapidly. During WWI, many women were government used as a political tool, enfranchising army nurses and female relatives of soldiers serving overseas in order to secure an election victory. Securing a job was only the first step in the right direction for women, soon after they aimed for the right to vote. â€Å"Women won the right to vote on August 26, 1920, but this long fight wasn’t easily achieved. It formally began 72 years earlier at the Seneca Falls Convention, organized by Elizabeth Cady and Lucretia Mott. †(Dougas, 1999) During that time the suffrage movements in the United States were large and vigorous. After the Union winning the Civil War, women hoped their hard work would result in suffrage for women as well as for blacks. But the blacks were granted citizenship and suffrage, not to women. The struggle to win the vote was slow and frustrating. â€Å"Wyoming Territory in 1869, Utah Territory in 1870, and the states of Colorado in 1893 and Idaho in 1896 granted women the vote but the Eastern States resisted. (WIC, 1994) Many Organizations were created that develop many meetings to help gain rights for women. The National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) came about after Elizabeth and Lucy Stone uniting their groups. Although they have not accomplished their goal, they continued to fight. â€Å"In 1907 international socialism decided to support women’s suffrage. Since bans against female party membership existed within most traditional political parties, Socialists, having to organize women separately from me, manage to create successful oriented movements in some countries. (Women’s Suffrage, 1996) Many other conventions and associations were form to help women to gain their rights. As the years advanced, women grew stronger and did not give up. Although they achieved the voting rights, they continued struggling to gain equal participation in political office alongside men. Winning the right to vote inspired the younger generation of women to go to school and gain the knowledge needed for a better life style. â€Å"Test made in the 1860’s that the scholastic achievement of girls was higher in the early grades than in high school. (WIC, 1994) This was caused by the lack of ambition given to the girls. Teachers and family did not expect the girls to achieve any educational skills. She was to anticipate in marriage and motherhood. Other girls who went to school were lucky, but not only because there was room for them. Generally, schools were open to girls during the summer. Summer was when the boys were working. However, colleges were still full of boys and very little of girls. Due to the Civil War an increase demand for higher education for women was needed. The reason of an eruption in the numbers of women entering higher education was the returning veterans and the later the baby boom. â€Å"During the 1960’s and 1970’s, due to social and legislative changes, several intuitions of higher education that had been previously all-male open doors to women. † (Harwarth) Numerous institutions and private schools became available to women. Men and women had arguments on the separation of genders but later the school converted to a coeducational public institution. After many disagreements and protests, women can now earn a degree alongside men who can no longer interfere with their education. The 19th and 20th century had different roles for women in the Unites States. In both centuries, women had to work hard to gain equality. Although women accomplished many goals, they still continue to strive for new ambitions, such as jobs. Women had the desire to vote and have equal rights with men, this gave them much respect. They were giving respect by having women institutions and public schools that directed them to join men. There will never be an ending to the equality between women and men. The competition among the two will always be there.

The Fierce Warrior-Slaves Known as the Mamluks

The Fierce Warrior-Slaves Known as the Mamluks The Mamluks were a class of warrior-slaves, mostly of Turkic or Caucasian ethnicity, who served between the 9th and 19th century in the Islamic world. Despite their origins as slaves, the Mamluks often had higher social standing than free-born people. In fact, individual rulers of Mamluk background reigned in various countries, including the famous Mahmud of Ghazni in Afghanistan and India, and every ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (1250-1517). Slaves of High Standing The term mamluk means slave in Arabic, and comes from the root malaka, meaning to possess. Thus, a mamluk was a person who was owned.  It is interesting to compare Turkish Mamluks with Japanese geisha or Korean gisaeng, in that they were technically considered women of pleasure, yet they could hold a very high status in society. No geisha ever became Empress of Japan, however. Rulers valued their slave-warrior armies because the soldiers often were raised in barracks, away from their homes and even separated from their original ethnic groups.  Thus, they had no separate family or clan affiliation to compete with their military esprit de corps. However, the intense loyalty within the Mamluk regiments sometimes allowed them to band together and bring down the rulers themselves, installing one of their own as sultan instead. The Mamluks Role in History Its not a surprise that the Mamluks were key players in several important historical events.  In 1249, for example, the French king Louis IX launched a Crusade against the Muslim world.  He landed at Damietta, Egypt, and essentially blundered up and down the Nile for several months, until he decided to besiege the town of Mansoura.  Instead of taking the city, however, the Crusaders ended up running out of supplies and starving themselves  The Mamluks wiped out Louiss weakened army shortly thereafter at the Battle of Fariskur on April 6, 1250.  They seized the French king and ransomed him off for a tidy sum. A decade later, the Mamluks faced a new foe.  On September 3, 1260, they triumphed over the Mongols of the Ilkhanate at the Battle of Ayn Jalut.  This was a rare defeat for the Mongol Empire and marked the south-western border of the Mongols conquests.  Some scholars have suggested that the Mamluks saved the Muslim world from being erased at Ayn Jalut; whether or not that is the case, the Ilkhanates themselves soon converted to Islam. Egypts Fighting Elite More than 500 years after these events, the Mamluks were still Egypts fighting elite when Napoleon Bonaparte of France launched his 1798 invasion.  Bonaparte had dreams of driving overland through the Middle East and seizing British India, but the British navy cut off his supply routes to Egypt and like Louis IXs earlier French invasion, Napoleons failed.  However, by this time the Mamluks were outmatched and outgunned.  They were not nearly as decisive a factor in Napoleons defeat as they had been in earlier battles.  As an institution, the Mamluks days were numbered. The Mamluks End The Mamluks finally ceased to be in the later years of the Ottoman Empire. Within Turkey itself, by the 18th century, the sultans no longer had the power to collect young Christian boys from Circassia as slaves, a process called, and train them as Janissaries. Mamluk corps survived longer in some of the outlying Ottoman provinces, including Iraq and Egypt, where the tradition continued through the 1800s.

Games People Play Essay Example

Games People Play Essay Example Games People Play Essay Games People Play Essay Eric Berne’s â€Å"Games People Play† is one of the best books that profoundly touched and left a mark in me in my quest for answers in the psychotherapy milieu. The book has been quite successful when it was published in 1961and sold more than five million copies.   (Berne, 1964)It is the intention of this paper to discuss the major key points of the book and how it is relevant in the current individual behavior in a society. This paper also covers my personal perspectives regarding the theory of the author.Just what makes this book tick is due to the author’s ability to successfully express his idea about the psychological stages of a person. He developed a theory about human personality and interactions that is simple yet it deeply reaches the core of the person’s emotions, behavior, thoughts, and outlook. This theory is what the author introduced as transactional analysis. A Transactional Analysis is a method of interpreting social interactions. It i s based on the conviction that a human personality can be easily understood in a behavioral and social context i.e. how man exhibits different behaviors and â€Å"transacts† with another human being (Steiner, 1974).Eric Berne developed the idea on ego states which he termed the â€Å"snowman† model or PAC, as shown in Figure 1. The illustration is adopted from the Vanda Attila’s article on Europe’s Journal of Psychology.Figure 1 . The ego state model or the â€Å"snowman† model or PAC model if Dr. Ernie Berne.The author’s main idea is that peoples personalities have three distinct egos or states child, adult and parent. People interact or transact with each other based on these roles they play in certain situation. These ego states are based on the following principles : (i) each individual was once a child; (ii) each person with satisfactory normal brain functions is potentially capable of adequate reality testing;   and (iii) every indi vidual who survives into adult life has had either functioning parents or someone in loco parentis (Berne, 1961, pp. 35-36).Figure 2 is adopted from Dr. Darrel Farren’s book Positive Strength: Personal Psychology to illustrate Berne’s concept. An individual may relate or transact to another individual based on any of these ego-states. Berne believes that if one is fully aware of these stages and is able to express the adult stage and contain the child and parental stages depending on the certain situation, the communication between and among individuals would be a lot better.The child ego represents the characteristic when we were children like for example, dependent, poignant, amiable, naà ¯ve/innocent, playful and so on. The adult ego is our matured, rational and objective part of our personality while the parent represents our parental (or their substitutes) tendencies and attitudes that controls, counsels and dominates.The theory hypothesized that many negative be haviors can be traced to switching or confusion of these ego-states. The book discusses the methods, rituals, and pastimes in social behavior, in view of this transactional analysis. To give a brief example, an office manager or boss who is not satisfied with the output of his workers will use the parent ego-state or parental role and often results into forced obedience, grumpiness, or other child-like reactions from his workers.The author highlighted the different modes of transactions. Two persons having a normal conversation goes through what Berne calls â€Å"complementary transactions† that takes place when two individuals are transacting on the same frequency or similar ego state as shown in figure 3.Conflict may happen if the interaction is of different levels which the author termed as crossed transaction (see figure 4).Transactional Analysis is a theory of communications and interpersonal interaction.   Sometimes the communications between two people have a hidden message, meaning, and agenda.   The result of this hidden message is a game.   The purpose of the game is to get a need met, without asking directly for what we need or want.   People learn how to play these games to get our needs met as children, and they worked then.   Now, as adults, they are the source of problems in our every-day relationships with ourselves and those around us, because things get much more complicated as our age progresses.Transactional Analysis help people to understand, explain and change their behavior and have better relationships with others.   Through these ideas, people begin to get understand ourselves and how we interact, as well as others.The book provides a series of games that show how different people interact or react to certain situations through a foreseeable series of transactions. Berne uses casual phrases in describing the games where the presumed champions of the games are those who returns to the adult ego-state first.The authorà ¢â‚¬â„¢s theory is based on the idea that these so-called games give a means to an end which enable men to interact socially with others and find belongingness which is an essential part of man’s survival. These games are the following: See What You Made Me Do ; Aint It Awful; and Im Only Trying To Help You. (Berne, 1964)However, this is not to say that each one reading this book would resolve all his problems, although the concept can definitely make one more logical, radical and objective for those who are capable of profound understanding.The book basically previews the roles performed by everybody in relating or interacting with each other. This role play is named a game and each game is analysed based on the psychological benefits derived to the individual by playing it. The payoffs decide why people become what they become. As an example, allow me to quote some lines from the book to illustrate some of Berne’s point. . He claims that each one changes from one ego states to another, playing games, attaining and enjoying the payoff which are all acted out unconsciously. One of the games he describes is, â€Å"Why Dont You. . .Yes, But.† The following lines illustrate how it might take place.Hyacinth: My husband never builds anything right.Camellia: Why doesnt he take a course in carpentry?Hyacinth: Yes, but he doesnt have time.Rosita: Why dont you buy him some good tools?Hyacinth: Yes, but he doesnt know how to use them.Holly: Why dont you hire a carpenter?Hyacinth: Yes, but that would cost too much.Iris: Why dont you just accept what he does?Hyacinth: Yes, but the whole thing might fall down.(Berne, 196l, p. 104)The wife projects two roles in the game. She is basically coming out of as a hurt child state and is setting up her friends to be a good parent to her. In this scenario, Hyacinth shifts from one character to another.   This is a bit disappointing for those who want to extend assistance as it cannot connect with the similar f requency or adult ego state.The author’s ideas maybe outmoded but with some exceptions these are still relevant and applicable in today’s pattern of behavior.   Although I find some of Bernes analyses and ideas contrasting my personal viewpoint, I still find this book fascinating that gave me new perspectives on things that I find puzzling.This book is also a must read for parents who wish to properly rear their children with better understanding of character development. This subject is only a theory in psychology, it is an old theory and there are a whole lot of other theories, but the knowledge of this can usher each towards a long way.Bener’s book is something that reaches out deeply into the heart of all relationships. It is useful in shaping human relationship as it is so simple yet provides profound impact. It is somehow designed for one to interact rationally, positively and optimally. The concept helps to address certain perspective and attitude towar ds life, a humanistic principle that promotes an individual’s liberty and psychological wellness.If everyone can attain this level of understanding and developed the ability to transact rationally with others, then certainly the world would become a better place to live in.

Sales promotion and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sales promotion and Management - Essay Example For instance, coffee is one of the most valuable import commodities in the whole of the United States of America. To be able to cope with the demand resulting from the popularity of coffee as the most preferred beverage in the world, there have been numerous retail chains that have been established. There has been a remarkable and continued expansion of their operations in the sector. This paper will analyze and critically evaluate the various promotional techniques used in the sector and further evaluate their effectiveness. In addition, the issue of budgeting for the chosen promotional activities and the respective returns will also be discussed. Large self-service retail chains or coffee shops have always provided customers with an experience. This is by the way they provide a wide range of innovative products and services, through well-targeted promotions that have an impact on their buying decisions. Some of the most common promotional techniques that are closely related to product trial include the use of free samples, bonuses, coupons, and discount on purchases and in the shop display. The main reason behind the use of trials is that they determine repurchase behaviour among consumers. In addition, they also mediate in the relationship between sales promotions and repeat-buying behaviour. Repeat-buying behaviour of customers is widely influenced by the values or tastes obtained and perceived on the product or the taste of the coffee in a given retail chain as commonly stated by many. Additionally, the product characteristics, knowledge, trial, availability and subsequent purchase factors influence the customers towards making re-buying decisions in relation to the type of promotional technique employed by the coffee chains. Moreover, the decision by consumers to re-purchase the products on offer or in this case, revisit the retail chains is largely affected by customers’ level of satisfaction that is obtained from the products. It is also

Principles of nonprofit leadership Research Paper

Principles of nonprofit leadership - Research Paper Example sults the first and foremost thing which is required by organizations is effective leadership of a nature that aspires to achieve these results in the best possible way (Principles and Practices for Nonprofit Management Excellence). Most of the nonprofit organizations believe that money is the only resource that can help an organization to achieve its desired objectives. Keeping this in view, many of the experts have argued that not only money but the leadership plays an important role. They argued that effective leadership is the only tool that helps an organization to achieve its intended objectives (A Guide for Board Members, Managers and Staff). The organization work towards achieving those goals and money only enables them to deliver results that are expected of them. In today’s era the two important resources for any organization are financial resources and human capital (Tierney). The set back or down turn in financial resources is impossible to avoid and difficult to overcome, but shortcomings in human capital can be very awkward for an organization and cannot be calibrated easily. Keeping in view above mentioned issues, the need for the nonprofit organizations is to have an effective leadership that goes all the way towards achieving intended and desired results. This paper will probe into the challenges that any nonprofit organization is expected to face while developing effective leadership (Hill, 135). It will further shed light on benefits derived by developing effective leadership along with advantages and disadvantages. It will provide an insight of the principles of nonprofit leadership. Thus, this paper is expected to make a valuable contribution in the existing stock of knowledge. It has become quite difficult for nonprofit organizations to manage in today’s tough economy. According to (Hill, 12) Following are few challenges that nonprofit organizations are facing while in the phase of developing effective leadership. With increased

The Media in contemporary culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Media in contemporary culture - Essay Example Of course, different people have various opinions on why the advertising is effective. For example, Berger, who wrote Ads, Fads, and Consumer Culture states advertising are a lottery, as it is still that nobody knows what advertisement will be effective and what will not. Berger adds that the advertisement executives believe that they waste half of money, spent on advertisements, but no one knows which half it is. (2000, p.2-3). Nowadays media is one of the most powerful instruments of forming the opinions of its consumers. Most of the marketing strategies that exist nowadays are built on the influences of the media. It is the irreplaceable instrument for selling things. Decades ago people bough what they needed, and their needs were dictated by their life conditions and financial status. It is nowadays that at first media creates the need in the specific product or group of products in people, and than they purchase the advertised thing. Thanks to the media people no longer buy things they need; they rather buy the attributes of the desired social status. Hirschman (2003) states that core societal values have an important role on advertising production and reception. Thus, to become fashionable, a product has to be promoted emphasizing its contribution to those societal values. Today media dictates people not only what they should buy, but also how they should behave, and what should they long for. Lindner, the author of the study, which analyzes the images of women in general interest and fashion magazine advertisements, states that: "advertisements often contain very subtle clues about gender roles and may operate as socializing agents on several levels. Because advertisements are publicly broadcast, the men and women portrayed are often perceived to represent the whole population, and men and women in the advertisements seem to accept these portrayed behaviors,

The themes of Sickness Essay Example for Free

The themes of Sickness Essay Mary Shelleys infamous literary piece, Frankenstein, is a name that anyone who has ever read a book would be familiar with. Several themes appear throughout the novel, some obvious, some subtle. One of the overlooked but nevertheless significant themes is societys duty to help the poor, the sick, and the ostracized. Multiple imperative events which occurred throughout the piece emphasizes on this theme: Victor Frankensteins mother aiding the poor and sick; Henry Clervals intense care of Victor; and Captain Robert Walton taking Victor aboard and nursing him back to health. Firstly, Victor Frankensteins mother powerfully demonstrates this theme when she regularly visits the poor and performs good deeds on behalf of the impoverished and downtrodden. She further exemplifies her kindness when she and her husband adopt Elizabeth into their family, and take in Justine, the servant girl. Moreover, when Elizabeth catches scarlet fever, a deadly and contagious disease, Mrs. Frankenstein throws her safety away to focus on nursing Elizabeth back to health. Secondly, when Victor becomes ill from troubling events, Henry Clerval tends to him for over several months, helping Victor get through his difficult times. During all that time Henry was my only nurse. [ ] He knew that I could not have a more kind and attentive nurse than himself; and instead of doing harm, he performed the kindest action that he could towards [me] (Shelley ). When one compares Clerval with Victor, one can see that Clerval understands the importance of caring for his fellow human beings, while Victor selfishly ignores others to conduct his own experiment, which he in the end, abandons. There had been no events in which Victor was the one nursing somebody else, yet there were numerous cases of the reverse; where somebody was nursing him. Lastly, not only does Henry tend to Victor, but after Victor tracks the monster to the Arctic regions, he falls deathly ill. When Captain Robert Walton spots a sick, dying man, he takes him aboard and selflessly nurses him-just as Ms. Frankenstein nursed Elizabeth. To put it briefly, one of the most overlooked yet important themes that most characters are contributing in is the theme of societys duty to support and care for the poor, the neglected, and the unhealthy. This theme can be noted by various events which occurs throughout the novel, such as Ms. Frankensteins care for Elizabeth and both Henry and Waltons care for Victor. Each character in the novel can be indirectly-if not directly-connected to Frankensteins theme of tending to the sick. Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein or, The Modern Prometheus. Minneapolis: Stone Arch, 2008. Print.

Operational Analysis of BP

Operational Analysis of BP P1 Describe the different sectors in which engineering companies operate and the function that they carry out in that sector. Task1 a)Research and describe the function / operation of one of each engineering companies that you judge to work within the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary sectors. Where applicable, state any products that these companies manufacture. Bp Primary BP is basically located in all the sectors. Primary sector basically involves the extraction of raw materials. These raw materials include iron ore, trees, unprocessed coal, and oil. The primary sector is also referred to as the extractive production. BP is involved in this sector as it extracts its own raw materials which include crude oil and gas. Extraction is of their oil is mainly done in the Gulf of Mexico which include Atlantis, Na Kika, Thunder Horse and Mad Dog and on land their oil drilling rigs are in many places including 48 states on the United States and one of them is Alaska. In its involvement in the raw material extraction, BP between 2013 and 2015 its average daily production or extraction raised from 189,000 barrels of oil equivalent to 249,000. After crude oil and gas has been extracted the next step is to transport it to a refinery plant and create known fuels of today and that will commence the next stage which is the secondary sector. BP is involved in all the sectors meaning that it extracts its own raw materials, refine its own oil to make products and then distribute it and it does its own research to improve its refining methods to make its products of great quality. Oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico operated by BP . Secondary as BP is involved in all the sectors as mentioned above, it refines its own crude oil to make many products that include fuel for many vehicles including aircrafts, gas used in homes and many more. The secondary sector basically involves the turning of raw materials into finished products or goods which will be used by other businesses. The main BP refinery plant is in Cherry Point, Wash.; Whiting, Ind.; and Toledo, Ohio as per BP website and they refine up to 744 000 barrels of oil every day. In this sector, they produce a wide range of products which include fuels like petrol and diesel, petrochemicals and lubricants which are then used to power up vehicles of all sorts. The end products of this sector are sold to aircraft owners as jet fuel, motor vehicle fuel and vehicle lubricates such as motor oil. BP refinery plants Tertiary this sector includes the distribution of the finished products or in other words the provision of services and goods to customers like for example jet fuel to companies like Boeing. To distribute its products throughout the whole world, BP has created fuel stations throughout the world which sell petrol and diesel. It also sells gas. It also supplies its products through independent jobbers and dealer wholesales and franchised retail sites as per the BP website. Quaternary this sector basically involves research and development within a company. The quaternary sector is based on knowledge and skill and scientific research to improve efficiency or the quality of the products being created. With BP, there is a sector which is always developing and researching technologies to make its operations safer and efficient and explore and discover new resources to use. As per the BP website, it tests, uses, and creates innovative technologies at its refinery plants and in its fuel business to make the product of quality and to make sure that it is safe to use. It is also researching ways to avoid oil spills that will destroy the natural environment thereby making the world a safer place. Shell Primary ­ as with BP, shell is also an oil based company that is involved in all sectors. In the primary sector, it extracts its own crude oil mainly in the North Sea. It extracts crude oil as well as gas and because it mainly operates in the North Sea, they constantly face challenges extracting that oil. In this sector shell uses extended reach drilling technology that allows it to work in places with high pressure as where the crude oil and gas is located since the fossils where made in high pressure conditions. Their first major oil discovery was in 1971 and was in Brent field which then started producing oil in 1976. Its first gas field was in Leman field and it was in 1966. Shell operates about 33 offshore oil extraction plants and about 65 interests in the North Sea as per the shell website. Secondary- after the extraction has been done like for example offshore, the raw materials are then transferred to onshore for processing. Its transported by pipeline most of it. When it arrives, the oil is refined and processed using a process called fractional distillation. Also, the oil enters the globally traded crude oil market and the finished products such as petrol and diesel that is put into cars, aviation, and marine fuel and lubricants and plastics and chemicals are then distributed in the tertiary sector. With gas, it is processed on shells 3 main gas plants which include St Fergus, Mossmoran and Bacton and they produce about 35% of the UK gas as per the shell website. Tertiary after the secondary stage has been finished that it the products have been made such as fuel, lubricants and products like plastic, the next stage is to distribute them to potential customers which include large companies like for example involved in aviation business and motor vehicle. Also, SHELL has its own fuel stations across the world so that it can distribute its fuel to the people. As a large company shell has small franchises that only specializes in the distribution sector like for example some fuel stations maybe franchises and it is another way of distributing its fuel to the world. Quaternary  ­ as a large company, Shell is always looking or researching for new technologies to improve its raw materials extraction, its production. Its looking for ways to make the whole process efficient. Its also developing technologies to cope with the deal with challenging environment like high pressure environment like in the North Sea. Its also researching in the field of advanced imaging to improve production. This include the research of 3D seismic images to help see the flow pattern of oil underground. This is all done to boost the oil production to meet the demand of the growing population. TATA industries Primary- TATA steel mainly operates in India and its 3 main materials it extracts are iron ore, chromite, and coal. Iron ore and coal are the main raw materials needed for the creation of steel. The company started mining these raw materials in 1903 as per their own website. The mining sites are in Noamundi, Joda and Katamati in the states of Jharkhand and Odisha. Its coal mines are in Jharia West Bokaro, in the state of Jharkhand. These raw materials are then used to make steel that is then transported to its vehicle making plant to make motor vehicles and other machines. Secondary- the whole secondary process is explained through the picture below. from how the iron ore is melted and the processes it goes for steel to be produced. Also, as mentioned above this process involves the transformation of raw materials to finished goods and products. In this sector is where the steel production is done by using iron ore and coal. Iron ore is smelted and the iron is separated from the ore. After that the iron is then further re melted and addictives are added such as coke and limestone in the furnace. After this process steel is produced. After steel, has been made it is used to make cars in the land rover and jaguar factories. Besides making cars, it also makes Gears, engines, motors, hydraulic systems, power generation. Tertiary after the manufacturing process, the next stage is to distribute and sell the finished goods to the consumers. The company has its own dealers that sells the famous jaguar and range rover cars. Besides cars it also sells car gears and engines to other manufactures. It also sells motors and generators. So, the company has its own dealerships as well as other franchises that will sell their products on their behalf. Quaternary the company has a division that specializes in research and development and production of advanced technologies. The company is always looking for new technologies to make mining safe and efficient. Also, its researching ways to make cars that produce less carbon footprints. Also, its producing technology or software that estimates the volume of coal in every seam and the quality. Information and pictures extracted from https://uk.pinterest.com/annmaireesaward/bp/ http://www.shell.co.uk/energy-and-innovation/meeting-todays-demands/finding-oil-and-gas.html http://www.tatasteelindia.com/products-and-processes/raw-materials.asp P2 Describe the organisational types of three given engineering companies Task2 From the companies, you have chosen above; Give a brief outline for the companies and state the sort of organisational type (the type of business organisation) they may have? (For example: sole traders, partnerships, companies, franchises). Shell is a franchise Describe the nature of their business. Describe the range of products that they offer and the engineering functions they carry out. State the kind of Organisational structures they have? (For example: Line Organisational Structure, Hierarchical structures). Explain why an Organisation needs a Structure? P3Outline how information flows through an engineering company in relation to an engineering activity Task3 Using the company you work in, draw up an organisational chart that shows the line of command in the company. Select a product that the company maintains. With reference to the above product, describe with aid of a flow chart how information is passed in an effective manner between the people responsible for its maintenance. M1 explain how improvements in information flow could enhance the functional activities of an engineering company Task4 Explain how business improvement techniques such as 5S/5C (Sort, Set-In-Order, Shine, Standardise and Sustain) facilitate information flow. D1 Evaluate the information flow through an engineering company in relation to an engineering activity Task5. Evaluate the effectiveness of how information is passed for the given company. Your evaluation should include as a minimum; The advantages and disadvantages of the process flow. Time it takes to complete the order against customer needs. Identify problems with the system. Describe why Lean Manufacturing has become an important philosophy to manufacturing industry and why techniques such as Just in Time (JIT), Kanban and 5S are so valued. You need to write to your manager explaining how you think information flow and communications can be improved.